【作者】 宋鹏；

【导师】 陈五岭；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 微生物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人们生活水平的提高和对生活质量的重视,对肉、蛋、奶的需求日益增多,粮食和饲料生产面临严峻考验,饲料蛋白质资源匮乏。提高粮食向畜牧产品的转化效率和饲料的利用率,拓宽饲料资源,开发非常规饲料已迫在眉睫。同时农作物秸秆、农副产品加工后废料、畜禽粪便等废弃资源大部分被遗弃,不但浪费掉巨大的资源,而且造成严重的环境污染。为进一步提高经济效益,节约生产成本,本文以工农业废弃物啤酒渣、苹果渣、米糠和麸皮为发酵底物,进行微生物发酵,发酵后的新鲜发酵产品直接饲喂牲畜,省略饲料烘干、造粒等诸多环节。通过生物量观察试验、固体发酵试验和正交试验测试,确定了发酵适宜的菌种、培养基及工艺条件,并通过上海大龙畜禽养殖有限公司养殖场喂养试验验证了新鲜发酵饲料对育成猪的增重效果。 结果表明,以白地霉、枯草芽孢杆菌和绿色木霉为发酵菌种,菌种配比为3∶2∶1,接种量2%。发酵培养基中最适无机氮源为尿素,其添加量为2%。最佳发酵条件为温度30℃,不要额外添加水,pH值自然,发酵时间48小时,发酵料层厚度30mm。新鲜发酵产品中有大量的酵母、霉菌和有益细菌,未发现有害菌。新鲜发酵产品的主要营养成分较原料有明显提高,粗蛋白含量提高165.69%,粗纤维降低31.75%。通过喂养试验,新鲜发酵生物蛋白饲料具有明显的增重效果,每头猪每月平均比对照组增重5～8公斤,经济效益显著。 本工艺不仅解决了工农业废弃物对环境的污染,为畜牧业提供了新型发酵蛋白饲料,同时省略了一系列加工运输环节,大量降低了生产成本,工艺简单可行,易于操作。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the improvement of people’s living standard, the demand for the meat egg and milk increases day by day. The grain and feed production face the severe difficulty. Improving the utilization and transformation ratio from grain to livestock products, widening feed resources and developing the unconventional feed is urgent. At the same time much waste material after industry and agricultural is abandoned, which not only wastes enormous resource, but also leads to serious pollution. In order to increase economic profit further and economize the production cost, this research uses waste material from industry and agriculture-beer dreg apple pomace, rice bran and wheat bran as a test material. After microbiological fermentation, fresh protein product feeds the livestock directly, omiting many steps such as the dryings pelleting etc. By observing experiment solid fermentation experiment and perpendicular test, optimum strain combination culture and technique. Result proves that fresh fermented food can result in increasing weight of pigs through feeding experiment.Results show that when the fermentation strain ratio of Geotrichum Candidum, Bacillus subtilis and Trichtoderma viride is 3 I 2 I 1, and the inoculation is about 2%, Ureal 2%, temperature 30℃, water and pH natural, cultivate time 48h,the thickness of medium 30mm,the content of raw protein in the fermented product increases 165.69%,raw fiber decreases 31.75%, which contains much beneficial microorgnism and little harmful microbe. Through feeding experiment we find the fresh fermented protein feed can not only raise pigs but also make pigs produce more meat by 5~8kg, which brings the significant profits.This experiment not only basically solves the problem of environmental pollution of waste from industry and agriculture and provide the new type of protein feed, but also omit a series of manufacture and transport process, which economizes the production cost. Besides, the technique is practical and simple enough to operate.更多还原