【作者】 王建安；

【导师】 吴国荣； 徐增莱；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验以盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis C·.H·.Wright)为研究材料,主要研究利用施肥的方法来提高盾叶薯蓣根茎产量与薯蓣皂苷元的含量、利用组织培养的方法来获得壮苗及对薯蓣皂苷生物学活性的研究。 第一部分主要是在大田条件下,进行肥料单因素试验和多因素试验,探讨它们对薯蓣皂苷元含量与产量的影响。实验结果表明,在单因素施肥的实验中,从对盾叶薯蓣根茎产量的影响的角度看,发现二铵>K肥>尿素>磷酸二氢钾>铁肥>磷肥>农家肥>锰肥>硝酸钾>镁肥,从对薯蓣皂苷元含量的影响角度来看,镁肥>锰肥>尿素>农家肥>二铵>磷肥>磷酸二氢钾>铁肥>硝酸钾>钾肥。在植物激素的试验中,几种肥料对薯蓣皂苷元含量的影响,经Duncan检验,发现2,4-D>地黄膨大素>NAA>稀效唑>多效唑;在对盾叶薯蓣根茎产量的影响方面,发现2,4-D>NAA>多效唑>稀效唑>地黄膨大素。肥料多因素试验中,发现最佳配方为氮肥15Kg/667m~2、钾肥25Kg/667m~2、磷肥50Kg/667m~2、二铵60Kg/667m~2、磷酸二氢钾40Kg/667m~2。 第二部分主要研究稀土元素铈对盾叶薯蓣茎段和试管苗生根的影响。实验结果表明,低浓度的铈(5-10mg/L)可以显著提高试管苗的SOD、CAT、POD的活性,促进试管苗的发根率,浓度5mg/L的稀土铈显著提高盾叶薯蓣离体茎段的出愈率;浓度为30mg/L时则显著降低试管苗的抗氧化酶系统的活性、生芽率,而且促进愈伤组织褐化。 第三部分主要对薯蓣皂苷进行生物学活性的研究,实验发现,薯蓣皂苷具有一定的清除氧自由基和羟自由基的能力,且与浓度呈量效关系;对果蝇具有抗衰老的作用;对烟草赤霉病、枇杷刀孢、棉花枯萎病有较强的抑制作用,对人体致病菌的作用较弱。对Hela、MDA-231、KB等肿瘤细胞具有较强的抑制作用,对BLE-7421有一定的抑制作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper included three parts. In the first part , based on the field experiment we mainly studied the different effects of various applying ratios and kinds of fertilizer and phytohormone on diosgenin content and yield of roots of Dioscorea zingberensis.Results showed that the degrees of effect on diosgenin content were ranged with magnesium fertilizer （Mg）> manganese fertilizer （Mn） >Urea fertilizer（N）>family fertilizer > amnonium hydrogen-phosphate fertilizer （NH₄PO₄） >phosphate fertilizer（P） >potassium dihydrogen phosphate （KH₂PO₄） >ferrous fertilizer （Fe）>potassium nitrate （KNO₃） >potash fertilizer（K）, while the output of dioscorea roots was amnonium hydrogen-phosphate fertilizer （（NH₄）₂HPO₄） > potash fertilizer（K） > urea fertilizer（N）> potassium dihydrogen phosphate （KH₂PO₄） > ferrous fertilizer （Fe）> phosphate fertilizer （P） > family fertilizer > manganese fertilizer（Mn）> potassium nitrate（KN0₃） > magnesium fertilizer（Mg）, and the combat ion of was N fertilizer 15 Kg/667m²、 P fertilizer 50 Kg/667m²、 K fertilizer Kg/667m²、 （NH₄）₂HPO₄ 60 Kg/667m²、 KH₂PO₄ Kg/667m2 superior to others. For phytohormone, the results showed that the degrees of effect on diosgenin content was ranged with 2, 4-D>sweet potao pengdasu > NAA> uniconazol >paclobutrazol, while the output of dioscorea roots was2, 4^D> NAA > paclobutrazol > uniconazol >sweet potao pengdasu.In the second part, different concentration of Ce³⁺was added to study the effects of Ce³⁺ on the tissue culture of excised stem segments and test-tube plantlet propagation and growth of Dioscorea zingberensis were studied. The results of experiments showed that low concentration of Ce³⁺（5-10mg/L） treatments increased callus fomation、 root growth rate、the state of growth the number of root and enhance activity of superoxidic dismutase （SOD） , catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） , while high concentration of Ce’i+inhibited them . The bud initiation was inhibited and much more explants turned browing in high concentration of Ce3 + （30mg/L） .In the third part, with regard to the biological activities of dioscin , we studied their activities of scavenging ? OH and. 02"’and. their antimicrobial effects. We also studied their activities on anti-aging and anti-tumour. The results were as follows : Dioscin had remarkably’ inhibitory effects on Fusarium oxysporum fsp Vasinfactum, Alternaria alternata and , and it had distinctive effect on clearing 0z ""and ? OH compared with paeonol. The results of anti-aging showed that dioscin could prolong the average age of silkworms , but not obviously (p>0. 05 . Anti-tumour activities showed that dioscin had obvious inhibition to human cervicarcinoma Hela cellsx human breast carcinoma MDA-231 cells^ human sopharyngeal cancer KB cells , but no obvious inhibition to human liver carcinoma 7421.更多还原