黑藻对水华的抑制及其机制的研究

【作者】 王立新；

【导师】 吴国荣；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验以黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)为材料,通过共培养和养殖水培养两种方式研究了黑藻对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystic aeruginosa)生长的影响。研究发现,共培养条件下黑藻不但对铜绿微囊藻的超微结构产生进行性破坏,还对其生理生化各个方面产生影响,具体表现为铜绿微囊藻细胞生长量显著降低,藻体叶绿素a含量和光合速率急剧下降,呼吸速率、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的积累量与超微结构所显示的细胞膜的损伤程度相一致。 黑藻养殖水对铜绿微囊藻的生长抑制作用同样也是非常显著的。生理上首先表现在对叶绿素a的破坏,从而减少了铜绿微囊藻的同化产物,抑制微囊藻的生长;同时又对其呼吸和光合速率产生影响,使其表现出处于受外界胁迫的状态;破坏了铜绿微囊藻细胞膜的完整性,使细胞内的物质大量渗出,因而在生长量上表现为铜绿微囊藻生长量的显著降低。在细胞的超微结构上同样也印证了生理上的破坏,表现为细胞壁、膜的破坏,类囊体片层的损伤直至细胞的解体。可见,黑藻是通过向水体分泌某些化学物质来对铜绿微囊藻的生长产生影响的。 对黑藻分泌的化感物质作了初步的分离、纯化和鉴定。首先利用乙醚、乙酸乙酯、石油醚三种有机溶剂对黑藻养殖水进行充分萃取及浓缩,对浓缩液利用铜绿微囊藻进行生物检测,发现乙醚提取物的抑藻效应最为明显。对乙醚提取物作进一步的气-质联用分析发现有如羊毛甾烯、苯二甲酸丁酯等具有潜在化感效应的物质。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this experiment, methods of Microcystic aeruginosa co-cultivated with Hydrilla verticillata and M. aeruginosa cultivated with H. verticillata culture were used to study the effects of H. verticillata on M. aeruginosa and its mechanism. In the first method that M. aeruginosa co-cultivated with H. verticillata, the results indicated that M. aeruginosa growth was obviously inhibited by H. verticillata , M. aeruginosa’s ultra-structure was destroyed and finally disintegrated; chlorophyll a content, photosynthetic rate declined evidently from the beginning; respiratory rate, SOD activity and the content of soluble protein increased firstly, but decreased as treatment time went on; MDA accumulation was consistent with the degrees of it’s cell destruction.H. verticillata culture had the same notable inhibitory effects on M aeruginosa . Results showed that M aerugonsa’s chlorophyll a content rapidly declined, as the same time H. verticillata effected M. aeruginosa on its photosynthetic rate and respiratory rate. A great quantity of substance got out from the M. aeruginosa cells after it’s membrane was destroyed. The growth of M. aeruginosa was inhibited by H. verticillata. The damage of M. aeruginosa’s ultra-structure was consisted with metabolism. This experiment indicated that H. verticillata effected on M. aeruginosa by secretion.The allelochemicals of H. verticillata was preliminary separated, purified and identified. Ether, EtOAc and Petroleum ether were used to extract and concentrate H. verticillata culture water. The result was ether extract had the best effect.The GC/MS analysis of ether extract from H. verticillata culture showed that Benzenedicarboxylic acid, Dibutyl phthalate and some others were the potential allelochemicals.更多还原