论民事诉讼证据交换制度

【作者】 仇超；

【导师】 刘敏；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 诉讼法， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 证据交换制度是指当事人在法院的主持下,相互之间就其准备在法庭上使用的证据彼此交换、公平诉讼的制度。证据交换制度最早源于16世纪下半期英国衡平法的司法实践,至19世纪英国司法改革合并普通法和衡平法诉讼时形成的证据开示程序,并在1938年美国《联邦民事诉讼规则》中将证据开示制度法典化,正式确立为一项法定程序制度。之后,被许多国家的立法所采纳,并日益受到各国的重视,不断的得到发展和完善。 证据交换制度的重要性在于,它使诉讼双方最大限度地了解案件的事实,掌握对方当事人所持有的相关证据,防止在开庭审判时利用自己独自掌握的证据进行突然袭击,增强案件审判的透明度。该项制度在发现案件事实、促进和解、明确争点、保全证据、简化庭审等方面,有着十分重要的作用。 但是我国目前立法中只是通过最高人民法院以司法解释的形式初步确立了我国民事诉讼证据交换制度的雏形,司法实践中的证据交换也只是对英美法系国家证据开示的粗糙模仿,所以设计出适合我国具体情况的证据交换制度是非常重要的。本文从证据交换的基本理论着手,通过比较国外的证据交换制度,回顾我国的立法及司法实践,在此基础上,对完善我国的证据交换制度提出自己的构想,以期对我国《民事诉讼法》的修订有所裨益。更多还原

【Abstract】 The system of evidence exchange means to that under the court’s management, parties exchange their evidence which will be used on court to confront fairly. The source of the system comes from England equitable law judicial practice in the later period of 16^th century, until 19^th century England judicial reform merged the common law and the equitable law. In 1938 America Federation Civil Law made the system of evidence discovery codified and it became a formal legal procedure institution. Since then, it was adopted by many countries’ legislation and was paid attention to day by day, so it got development and perfect gradually.The importance of the evidence exchange institution is that it makes parties know the fact of case mostly and master relevant evidence of opposite party. So it can prevent litigant to make a surprise attack on the opposite party by taking advantage of holding evidence all to himself and strengthen the openness of case trial. It has much importance in discoverying fact、 promoting reconciliation distincting question in dispute、 preserving evidence、 simplifying judicial procedure and so on.But in our country the system of evidence exchange is ruled in judicial explaination by the Supreme People’s court and in practice it just imitates according parts of England and America roughly. So it is very important to design the institution of evidence exchange which fit our country. The thesis setabout from the basis theory of evidence exchange institution. By comparing the evidence system overseas and reviewing legal and judicial practice , the writer put forward own thought and hope it can be helpful to the revising of Civil Procedure Law.更多还原