宋代书院记研究

【作者】 熊艳娥；

【导师】 程杰；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 书院是中国古代一种特殊的教育组织形式,最早出现在唐代,宋代是其发展的第一个高峰。书院记正是在书院兴起的情况下产生的,它是为书院撰写的“记”文,以书院或书院教育为主要内容,以“记”为载体。“记”是中国古代文体的一类,早期以叙事为主,后来发展为叙述、议论、描写等各种艺术手法相结合的综合性文体。北宋书院记的作家和作品数量很少,但作者几乎都是大家名家(如王禹偁、杨亿);南宋时书院记的创作出现了一个高峰,许多著名的文学家或理学家都参与了创作,有的还兼有文学家和理学家的双重身份(如朱熹、吕祖谦)。在思想内容方面,宋代书院记除了记叙书院本身,还褒扬办学或纪念学者、阐发教育思想(主要包括宋人对书院教育目标、对书院与科举关系、对道德教育的深刻认识)。在艺术形式上,书院记作为宋代“记”体散文的一个分支,表现出鲜明的时代特征,议论性比较明显,基本上超越了前代此类文体以叙事为主的格局,而是把叙事、写景、议论、抒情融为一炉。书院涉及教育,而教育在宋人看来事关大体,所以题材对语言也产生了一定的影响,使得宋代书院记的语言风格以平易质朴为主。这些都是宋代书院记的独特之处。 就文学地位而言,宋代书院记是书院这一新的题材与“记”这一散文体裁的结合,是宋人对“记”的开拓与创新。受当时社会文化思想的影响,宋代书院记表现出与前代“记”文不同的时代特征,从中即可见宋代“记”文的特点。同时,书院记又涉及宋代的教育、历史、哲学等许多方面,我们可以从中获取不少关于宋代文化的信息,故而它具有重要的文化意义。 岳麓书院和白鹿洞书院都是中国古代书院的典范和楷模,它们的影响甚至远播海外。其实,早在宋代,这两所书院就已经闻名于世了,宋代很多作家都为其撰写过记文,比如北宋著名文学家王禹偁、南宋著名理学家张栻都曾为岳麓书院作记,而南宋文学家、理学家吕祖谦也曾为白鹿洞书院撰记。这些记文不但记载了书院的历史沿革,而且表现了它们在不同历史时期的教育宗旨,更重要的是扩大了书院在当时及后世的影响。 总之,宋代书院记在中国古代散文史和中国古代文化史上具有不可抹灭的意义和价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shu Yuan is a special educational form in Chinese antiquity. It turned up in Tang Dynasty and ascended the first peak in Song Dynasty. With the development of Shu Yuan, the Narrative Prose for Shu Yuan _Shu Yuan Ji arose. As for as thinking and content are concerned, this kind of prose in Song Dynasty mainly expresses Shu Yuan education. As an offset of the Narrative Prose, Shu Yuan Ji shows gay times feature. For instance, there is more discussion in the prose and it’s a combination of narration, scene-description, discussion, emotion-expression. In a word, Shu Yuan Ji in Song Dynasty is different from anterior Narrative Prose.Shu Yuan Ji in Song Dynasty is a binding of Shu Yuan and the Narrative Prose. It expanded the scope of the Narrative Prose. Meanwhile, under the influence of social culture and ideology , Shu Yuan Ji shows varying feature from the Narrative Prose before. So we can learn what characteristic of the the Narrative Prose in Song Dynasty is. Moreover, Shu Yuan Ji touched on education, history, philosophy and so forth. Therefore, it has important significance in culture study.Yue-Lu Shu Yuan and Bai Lu-dong Shu Yuan were examples in Chinese antiquity, even famous abroad. In fact, they were already notable in Song Dynasty and many authors had wrritten Shu Yuan Ji for them. For instance, Wang Yu-cheng_a famous writter in BeiSong Dynasty, Zhang Shi_a notable LiXue philospher in NanSong Dynasty, they all had wrritten Shu Yuan Ji for Yue-Lu Shu Yuan. Lv Zuqianone of the most famous author and philopher, had wrritten for Bai Lu-dong Shu Yuan. Shu Yuan Ji not only recorded the history of Shu Yuan,but also showed their educational aims and thinkings in different periods. The most important, Shu Yuan Ji expanded impaction of Shu Yuan meanwhile and later.To sum up, Shu Yuan Ji has indelible significance and value in prose ’ history and culture history of Chinese antiquity.更多还原