【作者】 陈爱辉；

【导师】 蒋国芳；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 动物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 自20世纪中叶以来,分子生物学几乎已渗入到生物科学的各个领域,甚至最古老的动物和植物的分类学也开始采用分子生物学研究物种的亲缘关系。DNA不仅是主要的遗传物质,同时也是生物进化史的重要记录者。通过DNA序列分析可以研究生物的进化历程和确定物种间的进化关系。 蚱总科由8个科组成,被认为是蝗亚目中最为原始的类群之一,与蚤蝼的关系较近。学者们对蚱的研究主要集中在形态描述和基于形态的系统发生,从分子角度对蚱总科各类群的系统发育进行研究的很少。 从已有文献来看,线粒体12S rRNA和16S rRNA基因在分析昆虫属间或科间的系统发育关系时通常是有效的。我们选取16S rRNA基因序列来研究蚱总科各科之间的进化关系:联合12S rRNA和16S rRNA基因序列分析了蚱科6属之间的系统发育关系,并且对蚱科5属进行了支序系统学分析。 我们的研究结果表明:①股沟蚱科为蚱总科中较原始的类群。②蚱科并非一个单系群,建议将其划为2个科。③将尖顶蚱属与狭顶蚱属合并作为蚱科的一个属,较为合理。④蚱总科中短翼蚱科、刺翼蚱科、扁角蚱科、股沟蚱科、枝背蚱科和蚱科间的系统发育关系为:股沟蚱科、刺翼蚱科代表较原始类型:扁角蚱科为中间过渡类型,与蚱科较原始的一支关系密切,短翼蚱科和蚱科的另一支为较进化类型,与枝背蚱科关系密切。⑤提升瘤脊蚱的分类地位,作为一个属。⑥环江柯蚱和贡山柯蚱为同一个种,即贡山柯蚱。⑦12S和16S rRNA基因用于重建属、科级的系统发育是有效的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the middle of the twentieth century, the technology of molecular biology has been widely used in systematics. DNA sequences, which are not only the important germ plasm but also the recorder of evolution, appeare to be effective markers that have been useful in estimating evolution of species and reconstructing phylogeny.The Tetrigoidea, comprising eight families, is regarded as one of the oldest groups in Caelifera and closely related to Tridactyloidea. The reported studies were concentrated on the descriptions of new species and morphological taxonomy. Due to the subtle and insufficient information from morphological data, the phylogenetic relationships in Tetrigoidea are controversial.The molecular technique has been extensively applied to systematics. Unfortunately, the reported studies on Tetrigoidea using molecular technique are few. The 12S and 16S ribosomal genes appear to be promising markers that are useful to estimate the divergence in genus and family levels. In our studies, we discussed the phylogenetic relationships among 6 families of the superfamily Tetrigoidea by 16S rRNA gene; and combining 12S and 16S rRNA gene sequences to research the relationships among 6 genera of Tetrigidae, then discussed the relationships of the 5 genera by a cladistic approach based on morphological characteristics.Our results indicated that: ①Batrachidiade is one of the oldest families in Tetrigoidea. ②Dividing Tetrigidae into two families is more reasonable. ③It is feasible to combine Systolederus with Teredorus so as to consider them a genus of the family Tetrigidae. ④ The phylogenetic relationships of the 6 families are: Batrachidiade and Scelimenidae are the primitive groups; Discotettigidae, closer to a relatively primitive branch of Tetrigidae, is an intermediary type; Metrodoridae and another branch of Tetrigidae, closer to Cladonotidae, are relatively evolutionary groups. ⑤T. tubercarina may be given tribal rank. ⑥Coptltettix huanjiangensis and C. gongshanensis are the same species i.e. Coptltettix huanjiangensis is the synonymof C. gongshanensis. ?12S and 16S ribosomal genes are promising markers in reconstructing the phylogeny on the levels of genera and families.更多还原