【作者】 李崇奇；

【导师】 常青；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 动物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 野猪(Sus scrofa)是家猪的祖先,广泛栖息于亚洲、欧洲及非洲北部。本文首先对系统地理学研究进展进行了综述,然后分别基于线粒体控制区(D-loop)序列、细胞色素b(cyt b)基因的遗传变异分析,探讨野猪的系统地理演化过程,并基于cyt b序列变异探讨了家猪的起源。具体包括以下几个部分: 1、综述介绍了更新世时期全球环境周期性变化以及中国在更新世时期自然景观的变化,概述了系统地理学研究的基本理论及研究进展。 2、研究测定了中国东北、华北及四川西部野猪72个个体线粒体控制区全序列,结合GenBank报道的日本野猪(S.s.leucomystax)、琉球野猪(S.s.riulduanus)72个控制区全序列,分析了东北亚地区野猪的线粒体DNA变异及系统地理格局。结果发现:(1)东北亚地区野猪控制区共有34个单元型,含42个变异位点。(2)东北亚地区野猪具有同一祖先,现生种群具有显著的种群遗传结构。(3)日本野猪与分布于中国东北野猪(S.s.ussuricus)间的亲缘关系较近,而琉球野猪与华北野猪(S.s.moupinensis)间亲缘关系较近。(4)巢式进化枝地理距离分析表明东北亚地区野猪由同一祖先经过长距离的迁徙而形成现生各种群(或亚种)。 3、测定了中国东北、华北、华南及新疆、云南72头野猪的线粒体cyt b基因序列,并结合前人发表的资料,通过对238头野猪cyt b序列变异分析,探讨了野猪种群遗传结构及系统发生关系,分析其系统地理格局形成过程。研究表明:(1)238个序列发现变异位点128个,含74种单元型;(2)东北野猪与华南野猪亲缘关系很近,东北野猪可能是近期由华南野猪向北经长距离扩张而形成;(3)朝鲜野猪(S.s.coreanus)并非东北野猪与日本野猪之间的过渡种群,朝鲜半岛可能并非大陆野猪迁入日本的通道。(4)在冰期亚平宁半岛为欧洲野猪的一个避难所,但冰期后该地区野猪并没有能通过阿尔卑斯山脉向欧洲大陆扩张;欧洲大陆野猪(S.s.scrofa)可能是南部小亚细亚或巴尔干更多还原

【Abstract】 The wild boar (Sus scrofa), which inhabited wide areas of Asia, Europe, and North Africa, is an ancestral species of domestic pigs. In this paper, a review of phylogeography was given, the phylogeography of the wild boar in the Northeast of Asia and the origin of domestic pigs were discussed based on the analysis of mitochonndrial D-loop region and cytochrombe b (cyt b) sequence variation.1. In the review, the periodical oscillations of Global climate during the Pleistocene and the change of environments in China were introduced; the basic theory and the development of phylogeography were also summarized.2. The mitochondrial D-loop from 72 wild boars in the northeast, north and Szechwan of China were determined, and another 72 sequence of Japanese wild boars and Ryukyu wild boars were got from GenBank. Total of 1044 aligned sites were obtained, including 42 polymorphic sites. The phylogenetic relationship indicates that the wild boars in the Northeast of Asia share a common ancestor. The Japanese wild boars were more closely related to Northeast China wild boars than the others, and the Ryukyu wild boars have a closer relationship with the Northern China wild boars. Nested contingency analysis of geographical associations and the nested cladistic analysis of geographical distance for the mtDNA haplotypes of control region indicate that there are significant geographical population structure in wild boars of Northeast Asia. The ancestral population had experienced a long distance movement to form the contemporary population. The results also suggest that (i) the Ryukyu wild boar population may descendant from the continental boar, and it have experienced theallopatric fragmentation in the past; (ii) the Japanese wild boar population may descendant from the Northeast China wild boar; (iii) the Northern China wild boar population in the southern areas have a higher genetic diversity than that in the northern areas, and the population have experienced the contiguous range expansions.3. Total of 238 sequence of mitochondrial cyt b was analyzed, among which 72 were from Chinese wild boar. Seventy-four haplotypes, 77 Singleton polymorphic sites and 51 Parsimony informative polymorphic sites were found in the study. The results indicated: (1) there is closer relationship between Ussurian China wild boar and South China wild boar. Ussurian China wild boar population may descendant from the South China wild boar with a long distance colonization. (2) Korea wild boar was not the transitional population of Japanese wild boar and Ussurian China wild boar, and Korea was not the corridor of the Ussurian China wild boar pass to Japan islands. (3) Italy was a refugium of European wild boar in ice age, but this population has been restricted in the peninsula by the Alps. Europe wild boar was likely expanded from Asia Minor or Balkan Peninsula.4. Total of 340 cyt b sequence were used to discuss the origin of the domestic pig, of which 238 were from wild boars of the world, and 102 were from the domestic pigs. 156 variable sites were found and 108 haplotypes were defined. The results indicated: (1) the pigs were domesticated in Europe and Asia independently, and there is introgression between Europe and Asia domestic pig. (2) The ancestor of Europe domestic pigs is the Europe wild boar. (3) There is a common domestic center for Asia domestic pigs, and South China wild boar is the ancestor of them. Chinese domestic pigs and European domestic pigs may affect the formation of Korean domestic pigs.更多还原