黑色电影典型形象论

【作者】 张晓君；

【导师】 沈义贞；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 电影学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 黑色电影是上世纪40、50年代美国电影的一种创作潮流。二战后期,黑色电影步入它的全盛期,特别到了战后,由于美国的社会结构发生巨大变化,人们在转型期所经历的一系列精神危机都充分体现在黑色电影中。一方面,女性在战争中从家庭走入社会,逐步确立起独立的性别地位,但战后,随着男性从前线归来,独立女性对男性的社会地位造成了威胁,女性被要求回复到传统角色,而男性则在战后的幻灭感中努力重新定位自己的性别身份。另一方面,美国社会在战后的高速发展,越来越使得个体成为社会分工中机械化、无个性的一员,人们感到无法掌握自己的命运,这种疏离而无望的情绪奠定了黑色电影阴暗、悲观、宿命的基调。黑色电影多为犯罪题材,它所营造的“黑色”世界充斥着贪婪、欲望、暴力,同时还有无法逃避的恐惧。本文主要通过对黑色电影中的两种典型形象,即“致命女人”和硬汉侦探的具体分析,来阐述黑色电影的主要风格特征和发展流变。独立而自我的“致命女人”总是有着不可告人的过去,冷漠孤独的硬汉侦探则因找不到未来而变得玩世不恭。黑色电影是一种关于罪恶的电影,虽然它出现时间不过短短十几年,但其间名作辈出,且在电影史上历来倍受推崇,影响深远。在我们国内,由于缺少这一电影传统,对它的系统论述较少,且多有误解,本文试图通过对两种典型形象的深入把握,展现出黑色电影的基本风貌。更多还原

【Abstract】 Film noir is an American film movement that emerged in the 1940s and 1950s. By the late stages of World War II, film noir began to develop fully and then flourished in the immediate post-War years. The structure of American society changed greatly after the War. Film noir reflects those mental crises people experienced during the period of societal variation. On the one hand, as a result of the War women had moved into the workforce and had expanded their horizons beyond the domestic sphere. The men’s return to peacetime was a period of maladjustment. Women were led back to the roles they played before the War, and men tried to reconfirm their masculine identity. On the other hand, the post-War American moved towards an era of economic boom. In corporate life big business grew bigger, and this had an effect on the workingman. The alienated mood in film noir can be seen as a reaction to the large, impersonal, dehumanizing cooperation’s of the new consumer society. In this thesis, I try to expatiate on the main style and the development trend of film noir through the analysis of two personage models, namely ’femme fatale’ and hard-boiled detective. Film noir centers on a world of darkness, greed, lust, and violence, but also filled with fear, where independent and self-centered ’femme fatale’ with a past, while cynical and lonely hard-boiled detective with no future. Film noir is a kind of film themed around crimes. Though this film movement only lasted for over ten years, lots of great film noirs were made in this period of time. Film noir has a high position and great influence in the film history. But in our country, since Chinese cinema lacks of the tradition of film noir, very few systemic treatises have been written in Chinese. And some of them even made distorted misunderstandings. This thesis is responsible for bringing forth the true style and features of film noir.更多还原