【作者】 湛敏；

【导师】 刘信安；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 应用化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 三峡工程举世瞩目,是跨世纪的特大型水利枢纽工程,具有航运、防洪和发电等三大功能,在给我国带来巨大经济效益的同时,也将极大改变长江流域三峡库区的生态环境,并将对长江流域的生态环境产生深远影响。在蓄水前,长江流域的,尤其是一些主要次级河流的总磷总氮浓度就一直偏高。水库蓄水后,水文条件将发生变化,是否会在整个库区发生富营养化污染,就成为三峡水库水环境安全保护中亟需开展预测研究的重要课题。本文简要分析了富营养化污染发生的成因和调控要素,研究了水体发生富营养化和水华暴发的微观机制和化学机理,为进一步深入研究和预测库区富营养化污染提供了参考意见。藻类疯长而导致的水华暴发是一种涉及光合作用的生物化学动力学过程,叶绿体作为藻类生长必不可少的能量转换系统,在外部条件如光照充足时,无机磷酸和ADP(二磷酸腺苷)将转化为ATP(三磷酸腺苷)以储备能量(光合磷酸化)和促进藻类生长;外部条件改变时,将出现ATP 转换为ADP 以释放能量的可逆反应过程,从而有利于藻类分解。这就从微观层面上反映出水华暴发过程中生化反应方向和能量转换的内在机制。本文基于这种理论框架利用三峡库区典型流域水华暴发时的实测数据研究了绿藻光合磷酸化的活化能ΔE,计算了库区流域中若干水系在不同水文条件下提供的有效能量Δe 和综合营养指数TLI(∑),并在此基础上构建了判断不同水环境中水华是否暴发的无量纲水华暴发评价函数F,计算和实测数据表明F 比单纯的TLI(∑)作为水华暴发或者水体富营养化的判据更合理,更有说服力和更具普适性。同时,本文根据三峡库区流域的实测数据和描述富营养污染流域中水华暴发强非线性耦合动力学模型中的控制函数,研究了缓流态水体环境中藻类生长的内在机制,并以长江三峡流域优势藻类,即绿藻的生长为例,系统研究了N、P 的吸收与水体中N、P 浓度之间存在的强相互作用;藻类对营养物的吸收率ωi与水体中营养物浓度cx的比值(ωi/cx)等对藻类吸收营养物程度的影响因素, 揭示了在藻类生长与吸收各种营养成分之间存在的明显关联性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Three-Gorges project had been well known to most people in the world for a long time,which is a huge and famous water hinge conservancy and has obvious economical benefit and engineering functions such as shipping , preventing flood and generating electricity. In the meanwhile, The structure and function of its zoology environment will be influenced obviously because of the form of the Three-Gorges reservoir. As we know that TP and TN contamination along the Changjiang River valley, especially along the some main sub-rivers such as Wujiang river valley, were raise more higher than the standard level of national water quality at most times. Hydrographic conditions would changed when Three-Gorges reservoir had been constructed, eutrophication might take place in the whole reservoir area. So that an important task to solve on water envoironmental prevention in Three-Gorges reservoir will be necessary.The causes and some other key factors on creating the valley eutrophication, microcosmic and chemic mechanism of algal growth have been analyzed in this paper,which could be the references for further study and prediction on valley eutrophication in the reservoir area. As we know that rapid algal growth could result in algae blooms in a large-scale, which is a biochemistry dynamic process involved in photosynthesis. Chloroplast is the essential energy transformable system of algal growth, it can turn abio-phosphate and ADP(Adenosine biphosphate) into ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate) for storaging energy under the condition of enough sunlight, and this is also necessary for the algal growth. As environment conditions change, there will be a reversible process that ATP turns into ADP in order to release energy, and this is propitions to algal decomposition. These might reflect inherent mechanisms of biochemistry reaction and energy transform during algae blooms in microcosmic level. Based on local monitoring data from representative valleys along the Three-Gorges during algae blooms, the activation energy(ΔE) of green alga photophosphorylation is studied, the effective energy Δe and the compositive nutritional index TLI(∑) in these water areas under different hydrological conditions are computed carefully, and then the algae blooms evaluative Function F has been established, the computing results and local inspecting data indicate that F is more reasonable, persuasive and generalizable than TLI(∑) to predicate and desoribe algae blooms or eutrophication in the water area. Algal bloom is one of complex kinetics process in which there must be some biologic chemistry reactions. According to measuring data of various relative pollution materials such as various nitrides, phosphides and chlorophyll along the Three-Gorges valley, and with introducing a special controlling function of new strong nonlinear coupling dynamics model, in which could be used to describe complex behavior and process of green algal bloom to exist in slow flow, we has studied in detail algal growth mechanism and found some strong interactions and some inherence rules when N and P concentration absorbated by algae body varied with the different P and N concentration in the valley. The ratio factor ωi/cx of the nutritious absorption coefficient of algae ωi to nutritious material concentration cx reveals not only the influence relation about nutrition content absorbated by the algae at different algal concentrations, but also characterizes the some correlations between algae growth and various effects of different nutritious material absorbated by the algae.更多还原