【作者】 杨丽英；

【导师】 麦永雄；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 荣膺2001 年诺贝尔文学奖的V.S.奈保尔,是当代世界文学中一位有着多重文化身份的典型移民作家。他的故国是印度、出生地是特里尼达、现居地是英国,这种复杂背景导致了其文化身份的不确定性和文化认同危机,因而他选择了漂泊作为自己的生存方式,成为“文学世界的漂泊者”。本文拟对奈保尔的文化身份和文学世界进行较为系统的深入探索,揭示奈保尔研究的当代意义。全文共分四个部分: 第一部分为引言部分。简介奈保尔的生平和创作情况,对相关的国内外研究现状进行学术梳理,并进一步提出本论文所要研究的问题及意义。第二部分为作家论性质,主要探讨奈保尔的文化身份问题。在这部分的研究中,侧重以文化身份形成的三个因素(个体文化身份、民族文化身份和区域身份或群体身份)来研究奈保尔的多重文化身份及其意义。论析奈保尔从小就萌生的无根感,以及他成年后因流散生存状态所导致的边缘人、外来者的感觉,认为他所选择的流亡方式和文化身份的分裂,促使他试图在文学世界中寻找自己的“精神家园”。第三部分为作品论性质,主要研究奈保尔所营造的特色斐然、内蕴丰赡、富于张力的文学世界。这部分研究采用的是以点代面的分析方式,从其同类作品中选出最具代表性的作品加以重点分析。其一,从后殖民批评的理论视野分析他的《米格尔大街》,认为这部小说是奈保尔对自己的出生地特里尼达殖民家园的反讽关照。奈保尔描写了一个作为悲剧性存在的特里尼达:这里人们的生活贫困、落后,他们没有前途和希望,人们在殖民主义文化的压迫下心态扭曲……在这部作品中,奈保尔将这种令人窒息的悲剧性巧妙地以讽刺幽默的笔触写了出来。其二,从文化迁徙与流散文学的角度讨论奈保尔的重要小说《毕司沃斯先生的房子》,认为作品通过对图尔西家族三代人的描写,揭示了移民在异邦生存的痛苦与困难,追求自我与独立的坎坷与曲折。其三,从文化身份的分裂与主体情感的认同的矛盾性分析奈保尔的《幽暗国度:记忆与现实交错的印度之旅》,认为可以视之为一部文化寻根之作。一方面,作者对印度的种姓制度、宗教习俗、生活状态进行了毫不留情的揭露和批判,冷峻地剖析了印度人严重颓败停滞的精神状态。但另一方面,奈保尔的这次印度之旅其实也是他企图探询自己的历史与身份认同的内心之旅,他对印度所进行的这种毫不留情的批判与指责,既可看作是他对印度疏离的表现,也是他对印度完善的期盼。最后,从奈保尔作为“文学世界的漂泊者”的特质出发,论析他以非洲为背景创作的作品《河湾》。在这部小说里,奈保尔以一个局外人——流亡知识分子的角度冷眼旁观非洲国家在争取独立时和独立后所暴露出的问题,表现出了无边界的人文关怀。第四部分为结语部分。论文指出奈保尔的无根漂泊,构成了他文化身份的复杂性和矛盾性,催开了他的流散文学之花。奈保尔作为“文学世界的漂泊者”,既是基于自身境况的一种无奈选择,同时也是质疑本质主义族群身份与文化民族主义的一种手段,他拒绝了本质主义的文化认同观,把精神上的漂泊当作了理想家园和后殖民时代的诗意的栖居。奈保尔内涵丰富复杂的文学作品,他人生抉择的最大现实意义,在于启迪人们,在全球化时代到来之际,跨越不同生存边界的人应如何面对不同文化,以及如何在两种或多种文化的夹缝中反思现实人生,为人类精神的发展提供有益的文学经验。更多还原

【Abstract】 V. S. Naipaul, the winner of Nobel Prize of Literature in 2001, is a typical immigrant writer with multi-identity in world literature. His ancestors were from India but he was born in Telinida and now lives in Britain. Because of this,he was doomed to experience the uncertainty and puzzle in his culture identity. Therefore, wandering is the only way to his survival.The writing in his wandering made him find his own ideal spiritual homeland and earned the reputation of “the wanderer of literary world”. This paper aims to totally and systematically explore his culture identity as well as his literary world,presenting the significance in the study of Naipaul. The paper is composed of the following four parts: Introduction:After a brief introduction about Naipaul’s life and work ,this part presents the update achievements in the study of Naipaul at home and abroad.Meawhile this part puts forward the theme and the significance of the paper. Part One:This part is mainly about the writer.From the perspective of the culture identity,which is composed of the individual culture identity ,national culture identity and collective culture identity ,the paper draws the essence of the writer’s identity and its significance to us in the context of globalization time. Part Two:This part is about Naipaul’s works.It focuses on the literary world elaborately formed by Naipaul .This part concentrates on the most typical woks among his peer works.Firstly,from the perspective of the post colonial criticism, Miguel Street was Naipaul’s reflection upon his birth place in an ironic way.The novel is a description of a miserable Telinida,where people lived in poverty and misery without any hope or future .Secondly,with the approach of culture trans-migration,we can find that A House for Mr. Biswas depicted not only the bitterness and hardship of immigrants in surviving but also the frustration in their seeking for individuality and independence.Thirdly,analyzing An Area of Darkness from the perspective of culture identity’s split and the paradox in subjectivity’s identification,we can take the text as a work of seeking root. In the novel,on one hand,Naipaul exposed and criticized severely the caste system,the religion custom and the status quo of India.His unreserved criticism and condemn exposed the decaying spiritual statement,on the other hand,Naipaul’s journey to India was also his inner adventure to explore his history and inentity recognition.His unreserved criticism to India can be seen as his alienation from India and an expectation of a better India.At last,from the characteristic of the wanderer of literary world,with an analysis of A Bend in the River ,we can find that Naipaul,in a perspective of an outsider——an diaspora intellectual,examined the problems which were exposed in and after the struggle for independence of African countries,illustrating his boundless humanistic concern. Conclusion:It is his rootless wandering that formed his paradox and complexity in his culture identity,promoting his achievement in literature.As a wanderer in literary world,Naipaul refused to identity with any solid culture and chose wandering as his ideal living way because of his helpless situation and his subjectivity.His life choice and his excellent works have great significance in presenting people a way of reflecting upon the realistic life and their choice at the globlization time when two or more culture’conflic are doomed.更多还原