【作者】 刘志华；

【导师】 胡尚连；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 以不同品质类型春小麦为材料,研究不同氮肥条件下,不同品质类型春小麦醇溶蛋白和SDS-不溶性谷蛋白聚合体的形成积累规律,探讨硫对醇溶蛋白组分和SDS-不溶性谷蛋白聚合体的作用及其与品质的关系。研究结果表明: 不同品质类型品种醇溶蛋白组分的初始积累量（开花后10天）、积累强度和最终积累水平不同,α-醇溶蛋白的初始积累量较低,积累强度小,最终积累水平低;β-和γ-醇溶蛋白的积累因品种不同而异;ω-醇溶蛋白初始积累水平高,随籽粒灌浆进程呈降低趋势,降低幅度因品种而异。 硫对不同品质类型品种醇溶蛋白组分具有调节作用,但硫对各组分调节作用的发挥必须以一定施氮量为基础。低氮施硫对所有供试品种β-,γ-和ω-醇溶蛋白含量的调节具有正效应,对α-醇溶蛋白含量的正调节作用也以低氮施硫为主。 醇溶蛋白组分的形成和积累由品种遗传特性决定,但在一定施氮量基础上,施硫有利于富硫醇溶蛋白组分谱带的形成和积累,不同品种表现各异。 所有氮硫处理,不同品种4种醇溶蛋白组分的变化总体上对籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和SDS-沉降值的影响不大。 不同品质类型春小麦,在籽粒灌浆过程中,SDS-不溶性谷蛋白聚合体动态积累总的呈降低趋势。不同品种SDS-不溶性谷蛋白大聚合体初始积累量和最终积累量均存在差异,但在开花后25天～30天内,SDS-不溶性谷蛋白聚合体的积累呈快速降低趋势。所有品种SDS-不溶性谷蛋白聚合体最终积累量都低于初始积累量。 施硫对不同品种SDS-不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量具有调节作用,而且这种调节作用因品种和施氮量而异。N₆₀条件下,施硫对高蛋白品种SDS-不溶性谷蛋白聚合体积累十分不利。高氮(N₁₂₈)条件下,施硫对高蛋白品种Neepawa和Liao10 SDS-不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量的提高更为有利,而对高蛋白品种NE7742和Roblin SDS-不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量的调节作用不明显,但对低蛋白品种NKH9的SDS-不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量的提高极为不利,对其调节作用呈负效应。 无论高氮还是低氮处理,随施硫量的增加,NE7742 SDS-不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量反而降低,但对籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋和SDS-沉降值的提高有利。Roblin和NKH9高氮施硫处理与NE7742的相同,但低氮(N₆₀)条件下,SDS-不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量和籽粒蛋白质含量间呈正相关,与SDS-沉降值呈正相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 The studies were carried out in Wheat Lab of Northeast agricultural university in Harbin from 2001 to 2002. The 5 cultivars in spring wheat differing in quality were used in the studies in different amount of nitrogen and sulphur application. The studies aimed at the formation and accumulation of gliadin and GMP, aimed at effect of sulphur on the formation and accumulation, as well as relating to the quality. The results showed:The initial amount of the four-gliadin fractions accumulation (10th day after anthesis), accumulation intensity and the final accumulation level were different in the cultivars differing in quality. The initial and final accumulation amount and intensity of α -gliadin were very low. The accumulation of β - and y -giladin differed with the cultivars. The initial amount of ω -gliadin was high, but its accumulation decreased with the development of grain filling.The applying sulphur had the role of regulation on the gliadin fractions, but the regulation must base on the amount of nitrogen amount. Under the condition of urea 30kg/hm2 or 60kg/hm2, the effects of applying sulphur on the β-, γ - and ω -gliadin in the cultivars used in the studies were positive, but the effects on the α -gliadin was positive mainly.The formation and accumulation of gliadin fractions determined by the genotype of cultivar, but it is very beneficial to the formation and accumulation of s-rich gliadin bands by applying sulphur under the condition of certain amount of nitrogen application.In all level of nitrogen and sulphur, the effect of the changes of gliadin fractions was small on the grain protein content and wet gluten content and SDS-sedimentation value.The trend of dynamic accumulation of GMP in the cultivars differing in quality decreased mainly during the period of grain filling.The initial and final accumulation amount of GMP in all cultivars was different, but the accumulation of GMP decreased fast within the 25 to 30 days after anthesis. The final accumulation amount was lower than that of initial accumulation in all cultivars used in the studies.Applying sulphur regulated GMP of different cultivars, and the regulation was related to the cultivars differing in quality and the amount of nitrogen application. The applying sulphur was not beneficial to the accumulation of GMP in the cultivars with high grain protein contentunder the condition of urea 60kg/hm2. Under the condition of urea 128kg/hm2, it is very beneficial to increase the GMP in Neepawa and Liao10 with high grain protein content by applying sulphur, but the effect of applying sulphur on the GMP in NKH9 with low grain protein was negative, and on the GMP in NE7742 and Roblin with high grain protein was a little.Whether in high level of nitrogen or in low level, with the amount of sulphur increasing, the GMP of NE7742 decreased, but benefit to the increasing of the grain protein content, wet gluten and SDS-sedimentation value. The same result found in Roblin and NKH9 in high level of nitrogen, yet, in low level of nitrogen, the correlation between the GMP content and the grain protein content was positive, as well as between the GMP content and SDS-sedimentation value.更多还原