【作者】 刘薇；

【导师】 尹平河； 赵玲；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 分析化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国社会和经济的快速增长,人们对食用油脂的需求量也不断增加,由此而产生了大量的餐饮业潲水油。不法分子趁机将潲水油简单精炼后,再以极低价格卖给饮食店、油脂作坊,掺入食用油中谋取暴利。这种油给人民的身体健康和生命财产安全都带来了巨大的危害。目前,国内外对潲水油的研究报道很少,主要集中在综合利用方面。为了及时、准确地检查出餐饮业的潲水油,遏制住潲水油的需求市场,迫切需要研究出快速有效地监控潲水油的方法,为执法部门的严格执法提供依据。 本文在潲水油的快速鉴别方面做了较系统的研究工作,得出了以下几种快速鉴别潲水油的方法,结论如下: 1.合格食用油滴于含溴甲酚绿的硅胶板上,颜色保持为蓝色;而潲水油在硅胶板上所显示的颜色为鲜艳的黄色。用此法可初步检测出潲水油。且对掺兑了潲水油的食用油也有良好的检测性。 2.合格食用油浸出液的电导率都在10μs·cm^-1以下,而潲水油浸出液的电导率均在100 μs·cm^-1以上,测定电导率可做为鉴别潲水油的方法。且混合油中潲水油含量与浸出液的电导率也有良好的相关性。 3.潲水油和合格食用油在薄层色谱的Rf=0.73处都有相同的斑点,但潲水油在Rf=0.4之后有非常明显的拖尾长斑,此为特征斑点,可用于鉴别潲水油。红外光谱分析潲水油的拖尾斑和合格食用油,发现潲水油拖尾斑的成分主要是醛、酮化合物,而合格食用油则不含此类物质。 4.潲水油的浸出液在十二烷基苯磺酸钠的特征波长λ_ex/λ_em=230/290 nm处出现荧光峰,合格食用油的浸出液在此波长处无波峰。混合油中潲水油浓度与荧光峰强度成正比。在λ_em=290 nm处是否出现荧光峰可做为鉴别的依据。 5.紫外可见分光光度法鉴别潲水油和合格食用油。花生油在427 nm,452nm,478 nm处有三个较强特征吸收峰,潲水油光谱吸收很强,并且在668 nm处出现其它油脂所没有的特征吸收峰。潲水油含量与特征吸收峰的吸光度大小呈良好的线性关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 In China, the economy goes up at very fast speed, which lead the demand of edible oil increased, and producing a number of shaoshui-oil （oil being gained from sewer）. In order to get more and lawless profits, badmen refine the shaoshui-oil simply, and sell it to little restaurants in lower price. The shaoshui-oil is badly endangering the health of people. Now, research report about the shaoshui-oil is few in our nation and overseas. For the sake of the shaoshui-oil being examined in time and by rule and line, keeping the shaoshui-oil from using in restaurants. It’s instancy to investigate the methods of examining the shaoshui-oil rapidly and efficiently.This paper investigates the methods of examining the shaoshui-oil rapidly by some experiments. The progress has been reviewed on several aspects:1. A drip of eligible edible oil on the silica gel plate mixing bromcresol green indicator, the color of the silica gel plate don’t change. A drip of the shaoshui-oil on the silica gel plate, the color of the silica gel plate become yellow. The method can determine shaoshui-oil, and edible oil mixed with shaoshui-oil primitively.2. The electrical conductivity of water phase by mixing the eligible edible oil and water is below 10μs·cm^-1. However the electrical conductivity of the water phase by mixing shaoshui-oil and water is above 100 μs·cm^-1. Measuring the electrical conductivity is a method to identify the shaoshui-oil and eligible edible oil. The content of shaoshui-oil mixing with the eligible edible oil is linearity with the electrical conductivity of water phase.3. Using thin-layer chromatography separate the shaoshui-oil and the eligible edible oil, we find there exist same spots at Rf=0.73 on chromatosheet. While the shaoshui-oil appeares trailing spot on chromatosheet at Rf=0.4 which don’t exist on eligible edible oil’s chromatosheet. The trailing spot is a special spot, we can distinguish the shaoshui-oil and eligible edible oil according the special spot. Then analysis the ingredient of trailing spot by infra-red sepectrometry, there are aldehyde and ketone compounds.4. We distinguish the shaoshui-oil and the eligible edible oil by fluorescencemethod determining neopelex. There exist apices at A. ex/ A. em=230/290 nm in the fluorescence spectrum of the water phase gained from the shaoshui-oil. While there don’t exist apices at A ex/ A em=230/290 nm in the fluorescence spectrum of the water phase gained from the eligible edible oil. Intensity of apices at A em=::290 nm is relative with the content of the shaoshui-oil mixing with the eligible edible oil.5. Ultraviolet-visible adsorption spectroscopy scan the shaoshui-oil and the eligible edible oil. Peanut oil exist three special adsorption peak at A =427 nm> 452 niiK 478 nm. While the shaoshui oil exist a special adsorption peak at A = 668 nm. Intensity of special adsorption peak is relative with the content of the shaoshui-oil mixing with the eligible edible oil. According difference of curve of spectrum, we can distinguish the shaoshui-oil and the eligible edible oil.更多还原