【作者】 杨荣骞；

【导师】 陆尧胜；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 通信与信息系统， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,以生物反馈技术治疗女性尿失禁在国外已经开始应用,但都是用电极采集肌电信号或者用压力传感器采集尿道括约肌和逼尿肌的收缩强度,通过数字信号处理后,用语音或者图像提示患者。患者根据提示进行有意识的肌肉训练。在电刺激治疗方面,为了达到良好的治疗效果而对一些不同的电刺激方案也有了一定的研究。 本文对女性尿失禁的病因、生物反馈治疗技术、电治疗技术和肌电信号等进行了全面的介绍。结合国外治疗尿失禁的很多方法,充分利用生物反馈治疗和电治疗的优点,本文提出了一种采用肌肉信号检测和电刺激治疗相结合的生物反馈治疗方法。本系统利用生物反馈技术,采集女性尿道括约肌和逼尿肌的肌电信号,对其进行分析、处理。根据处理结果,输出相应剂量和频率的电脉冲信号刺激尿道括约肌和逼尿肌,以达到治疗女性压力性、急迫性和混合性尿失禁的目的。 系统的硬件部分包括肌电放大器、刺激器、数-模转换部分、模-数转换部分、USB控制部分和PC机。此肌电放大器的前置部分采用共模驱动,以达到提高其共模抑制比和输入信号的动态范围,以及抑制工频干扰等作用,并采用线性光耦隔离。其放大器和刺激器共用电极。通过控制其放大器的输入使能电路和刺激器的输出使能电路,使之协调工作。 系统的软件部分包括单片机固件、USB驱动程序和PC机应用软件。单片机固件控制着肌电信号的采集,刺激信号的输出,以及与PC机通信等。PC机软件控制系统运行、对肌电信号的分析、处理、根据其刺激方案产生刺激信号,以及和单片机通信等。 本系统采用积分肌电值(IEMG)算法提取其肌电信号强度。该强度与尿道括约肌和逼尿肌的收缩强度成线性关系。因为本系统是一个有纯滞后的线性系统,动态矩阵控制(DMC)算法作为一种预测控制算法可以直接应用于本系统,而无需添加附加的控制结构。DMC算法在处理时滞对象时与PID算法相比具有明显的优点。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, although the biofeedback technologies have been, to some extent, applied to treat the female urinary incontinence at abroad, they sample EMG using electrodes or sample the constriction intensity of urethral detrusor-sphincter using pressure sensors, and then through the digital signal process, the patients can be prompted consciously to practice the muscular exercises in the form of audio or video. In the aspect of electro-stimulating therapy, a variety of solutions have been studied to obtain the favorable therapeutic effects.This paper comprehensively introduces the pathogenies of the female urinary incontinence, the biofeedback therapy technologies, the electro-therapy and the EMG. Combining with the various foreign methods of treating the urinary incontinence and making full use of the advantages of biofeedback therapy and electro-therapy, the present paper puts forward a biofeedback therapy method combining the detection of EMG with the electro-stimulation therapy. The present system utilizes the biofeedback technologies to analyze and process the EMG sampled from female urethral detrusor-sphincter. According to the results of process, the corresponding dose and frequency of electro-pulse signals will be output to stimulate the urethral detrusor-sphincter to treat the female stress, urgent and mixed urinary incontinence.The hardware of the system involves the EMG amplifier, the stimulator, the digital-analog converter, the analog-digital converter, the USB controller and the PC. Apart from employing the linear optocoupler isolation, this EMG pre-amplifier uses the boost to enhance the CMR and the input swing and reject the industry interference. The amplifier and stimulator share the same electrodes. Through controlling the circuit of the amplifier enabling input and the circuit of the stimulator enabling output, they work harmoniously.The software of the system includes the firmware of MCU, the USB driver and the application software of PC. The firmware of MCU is responsible for sampling the EMG, outputting the stimulating signals and communicating with the PC. The software of PC is responsible for running the system, analyzing and processing the EMG together with generating the stimulating signals according to the stimulation solutions, as well as communicating with the MCU.This system applies the IEMG algorithm to extract the intensity of EMG. This intensity exhibits the linear relation with the constriction intensity. Because this system is a pure-lag linear one, DMC algorithm can be directly applied into this system as a predictive control one and need not to add the extra control structures. Compared with the PID algorithm, the DMC algorithm has the obvious advantages in processing the time-delay objects.更多还原