【作者】 孙俊峰；

【导师】 陈其兵； 潘远智；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 很多种类的多年生苔藓植物具有较高的观赏价值,但其孢子体不易进行人工贮藏和繁殖,而配子体自然繁殖速度有限,自然生长的苔藓植物群落在受到杂草的竞争胁迫下,很难形成纯净度高的藓丛,从而影响观赏效果,限制了该资源在园林绿化和观赏园艺方面的推广应用。为了提高真藓(Bryum)群落配子体繁殖速度,促进其在人工干预下的群落拓展,通过春季(2004年3月5日)繁殖试验研究了该藓丛群落拓展情况、观赏价值、不同的栽培基质和不同的遮荫强度之间的关系。试验设两因素,其中基质(JZ)为3水平:菜园土、粘土、河沙;遮荫(ZY)为4水平:全光照0%、遮荫35%、遮荫50%、遮荫70%。试验结果表明: 1、菜园土基质上生长的真藓群落在经过180天生长后对基质pH值有一定降低作用,在35%≤ZY≤70%的遮荫度下,基质pH值会随透光度的减少而显著下降;35%≤ZY≤70%的遮荫处理能够显著增加基质中N素的消耗量;50%≤ZY≤70%的处理能够显著增加群落对P素的消耗量;50%≤ZY≤70%的处理能够显著增加群落对K素的消耗量,但ZY=70%与ZY=50%相比较,K素的消耗量没有显著差异;35%≤ZY≤70%的遮荫处理能够显著增加群落对基质中有机质的消耗量;证明配子体生长状况与基质呈一定相关性。 2、配子体在菜园土、河沙基质上最终成活率显著高于粘土,但菜园土与河沙之间的最终成活率差异不显著;35%≤ZY≤70%的遮荫处理能够显著提高配子体的最终成活率,50%以上的遮荫度与35%的遮荫度相比,配子体最终成活率没有显著差异;河沙相对于菜园土能够更长时间保持80%以上的成活率,可以作为配子体移栽初期(0～40天)良好的保护性载体;菜园土对维持配子体成活的作用较平稳,而且当ZY≥50%时,配子体死亡率随栽培时间的延长而下降的速率较35%遮荫度处理缓慢。 3、菜园土基质上藓丛盖度极显著高于河沙和粘土基质,河沙与粘土之间盖度差异不显著;遮荫处理能够显著增加藓丛盖度;全光照条件下以粘土的保持盖度能力最高,ZY=50%遮荫处理的菜园土盖度增长最为平稳,重度遮荫(70%)下的河沙保持盖度的能力与粘土相似。 4、菜园土藓丛观赏价值评分最高(5.3),河沙藓丛观赏价值评分最低(1.3),遮荫处理对菜园土基质的得分影响较大;35%≤ZY≤70%的遮荫处理对提高粘土与河沙基质上藓丛的观赏价值有一定的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Many perennial mosses are highly valuable in ornamental area, but their sporophytes are difficult to preserve or breed artificially. The natural reproduction speed of gametophyte is so limited that when there are other seasonal mosses or the competitions of the weeds, it is difficult to get natural nice mosses in highly pure degree. These Influences have limited the Bryophytes resources be popularized and applied in view of revegetation, as well as ornamental.In order to improve the gametophyte reproduction speed of Bryum community, promoting its community under manual intervention to expand , the study is done under different culture hosts and different intensity of sheltering, as well as the community expands and the difference between the situation and ornamental value. The test sets up two equations, and the cultivated basis (JZ ) have 3 levels: Soil of vegetable garden , clay , river sand; Sheltering (ZY ) has 4 levels: 0% , shading 35% , shading 50% , shading 70%. The results of the examinations are listed as following:1. There is certain function from the Bryum community of reducing on environmental pH on the basis of vegetable garden soil after 180 days cultivated. When 35% ≤ ZY≤ 70%, pH will drop significantly when the reduction of the luminosity; Shading of 35% ≤ ZY≤ 70% can increase the consumption of N significantly; and the treatment of of 50%≤ ZY≤ 70% can increase the consumption to P significantly; the treatment of of 50%≤ ZY≤ 70% can also increase the consumption to K significantly, but when ZY =70% and ZY =50% are compared to each other, consumption of K has not shown the difference; the treatment of 35% ≤ZY≤70% can significantly increase the consumption of organic matter.2. The survival rate of gametophyte on vegetable garden soil and river sand is higher significantly than the clay, but the survival rate difference between the vegetable garden soil and the river sand is not significant; 35% ≤ZY≤70%shading can significantly improve final survival rate of gametophyte, and when compared with 35% of shading, the difference of gametophyte survival rate does not significant when the shading is 50%; The river sand cankeep survival rate of more than 80% for longer time when compared to the soil of vegetable garden, and this character can make the river sand good protective carrier in initial stage (0-40 days ) as the gametophyte ; Vegetable garden soil can keep function that gametophyte survive relatively steady, and the treatment of ZY>50% can slow down the speed of gametophyte death rate drops significant than the treatment of ZY=35%.3. The covering of the mosses community on the vegetable garden soil is extremely significantly higher than river sand and clay host, it is not significant to overlay one degree of differences between the river and sand and clay; When comparing ZY =35% to the whole illumination, 50% < 70% of ZY<35% shady to the shading of 35%, the increasing of the mosses community covering is significant; With keeping overlaying one degree of ability highest of clay under the whole illumination condition, ZY =50% hide shady vegetable garden soil of treatment cover degree increase most steady , serious degree hide getting shady river sand under is it overlay similar to ability of clay.4. The mosses clump on the vegetable garden soil is the best(5.3) when ornamental value is evaluated, the view and admire value of moss clump on the river sand get the lowest grade (1.3), the deal of shading exerts a great influence on score of the vegetable garden soil; and the treatment of 35% <ZY<70% can improve the score of the mosses clump on the clay and river sand with some certain function.更多还原