【作者】 陈先知；

【导师】 李能芳；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 果树学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验以“川番杂交一号”番茄为材料,苗期(1～6片真叶期)分别进行不同的光照、温度、养分处理,研究幼苗茎尖的生理生化变化、田间植株畸形花发生和畸形果发生情况,得出以下结论: 1.苗期增强光照,可明显提高幼苗茎尖可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和淀粉的含量,增强了PPO和NR的活性,降低了CAT的活性。番茄苗期增强光照,极显著地提高番茄第一花序畸形花发生率,对第二花序影响不大;同时显著或极显著地提高畸形果的发生率、平均级数、综合指数;对于畸形果类型而言,增强光照不影响椭圆果、指突、孪生果和乱形果的发生率,而对裂果和混发果的发生率有显著影响。 2.苗期降低夜温,可使幼苗茎尖的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和淀粉含量明显地提高,同时增强了POD、PPO、CAT和NR的活性。低夜温处理后,番茄畸形花、畸形果的发生率、平均级数、综合指数均有显著或极显著地提高,尤其是在6℃的低夜温处理后,第一、二花序及两花序平均的畸形花发生率高达62.32%、52.67%、57.57%,第一、二果穗及两果穗平均的畸形果发生率高达56.21%、53.97%、55.05%,而畸形果平均级数为2.70,畸形果综合指数为0.2361。对于畸形果类型而言,降低夜温不影响椭圆果和乱形果的发生率,对裂果、指突、孪生果和混发果的发生率有显著影响。 3.苗期提高氮素、磷素水平,幼苗茎尖的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和淀粉含量均有明显提高,钾素水平对其影响不大;养分处理后POD活性随着氮素水平提高而明显增强,随磷素水平提高而下降,PPO活性则随氮素、磷素水平提高而明显降低,氮素处理CAT活性以标准液处理为最高,磷素处理CAT活性在二片真叶期以标准液处理最高,在四片真叶期则随着磷素水平的提高而降低,钾素处理对POD、PPO、CAT活性的影响都不大。提高氮素水平,NR的活性明显上升,磷素、钾素对NR活性的影响不大。提高氮素水平,番茄畸形花、畸形果发生率、畸形果平均级数、畸形果综合指数均有显著或极显著地提高。 综合光照、温度、养分处理对“川番杂交一号”番茄畸形花、畸形果发生的影响可知,苗期低夜温是造成番茄畸形果大量发生的主导环境因子,其次是苗期氮素营养水平,光照对畸形果的发生也有显著的影响,而磷、钾素营养水平对畸形果的发生影响不明显。所以在番茄育苗过程中,应尽量避免长时间低夜温,尤其不能低于12℃;更多还原

【Abstract】 Tomato cultivar "Chuanfan Zajiao No.1" was used in this experiment. After treatments with various light intensity, temperature and nutrition during seedling stage, the physiological and biochemical characters in stem apex of tomato seedling, the occurrence of malformed flower and malformed fruit were analyzed. Followings are the results:1. With the increase of light intensity during tomato seedling stage, the content of soluble protein, soluble carbohydrate and starch enhanced obviously, and the activities of PPO and NR increased, while the activity of CAT decreased. Simultaneously, the rate of malformed flower in the first inflorescence enhanced significantly; the rate, average grade and integrated index of malformed fruit increased significantly.2. With the reducing of temperature at night during tomato seedling stage, the content of soluble protein, soluble carbohydrate and starch increased evidently, the activities of POD, PPO, CAT and NR promoted obviously. Low temperature treatment at night could increase significantly the rate of malformed flower, and the incidence, average grade, integrated index of malformed fruit, which were the highest in 6°C night temperature, the rate of malformed flower was 62.32%, 52.67%, 57.57% in the first inflorescence, the second inflorescence and the average of two inflorescences respectively. The rate of malformed fruit in the first, the second and the average of two clusters was 56.21%, 53.97%, 55.05% respectively. The average grade was 2.70 and integrated index of malformed fruit was 0.2361. Low night temperature also influenced significantly the rate of the dehiscent fruit, finger and twin fruit, and mixed shape fruit.3. With the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus application during seedling stage, the content of the soluble protein, soluble carbohydrate and starch increased obviously, as wellas the PPO activity. The POD and NR activity promoted with the rising of nitrogen application, the POD activity decreased with the increasing of phosphorus application. At the same time, the rate of malformed flower and malformed fruit, average grade and integrate index increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application.According to the effects of light intensity, temperature and nutrition on occurrence of the malformed flower and malformed fruit of "Chuanfan Zajiao No.l" in this experiment, during tomato seedling stage, low night temperature was the most important environmental reason that induce occurrence of malformed fruit, nitrogen content was the second one. Light intensity also plays an important role on the occurrence of malformed fruit. Therefore, the night temperature had better be above 12°C, redundant nitrogen could not produce vigorous seedling during the phase of tomato seedling. The best nitrogen concentration was about 120~ 150 mg/L, the best phosphorus concentration was 180 mg/L, and the best potassium concentration was 120^140 mg/L, which not only promoted the growth of the seedling, but also prevented the high incidence of malformed fruit.更多还原