【作者】 马林娜；

【导师】 慕永通；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 渔业资源， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 渔业与我国人民日常生活有着密切的联系,在我国国民经济中占有重要地位。然而,同世界上的许多渔业一样,我国渔业也面临着资源衰退问题,其严重程度已危及了我国渔业尤其是捕捞业的可持续发展。鉴于此,国家出台了系列政策措施,其中包括伏季休渔、严格控制渔船数量和渔船马力增加、取缔“三无”渔船、海洋捕捞量“零增长”。从政策措施的制定出台到宣传实施,国家耗费了大量人力、物力和财力,但结果却往往并不尽如人意,甚至还出现了一些有违初衷的效果。 如何才能有效摆脱上述尴尬局面昵?一般情况下,一项政策措施能否顺利实施,与当事人(在本论文的语境中主要指渔民)的认可和自觉遵守程度,也就是与本文所说的“合法性”和“服从性”密切相关,这正是本文讨论的重点。 通过考察世界渔业管理历史和现状,我们发现,在全球范围内渔业管理同样面临危机。这一危机的表现是多方面的,针对各个方面的问题学者们分别提出了不同解决方案。其中“共同管理”方案被认为能够有效改善与民对政府主导的渔业管理的合法性的看法,同时有效提高渔民遵守管理规定的自觉性。 所谓“共同管理”指的是政府和以使用者团体为主的利益相关者团体共同承担资源管理责任的一种制度安排。它包括一系列生成新的制度结构的动态程序,据此决定渔业管理部门和利益相关者团体如何合作完成渔业管理任务。共同管理给使用者团体某种作为渔业资源所有者的感觉,这使他们愿为渔业资源的长期可持续性负更多的责任。同时,利益相关者团体在决策制定和实施过程中的参与也会使他们对制度措施有较高的接受和服从程度。因此,尽管决策制定过程的成本可能会由于决策耗时增加以及不同利益集团的卷入而有所增加,但从长远来看,由于实施监督成本大幅下降,总的管理成本随之降低。与传统自上而下的“命令与控制”模式相比,共同管理模式无论是在理论上还是实践上都具有明显的优势。考虑到我国渔业管理的现状,笔者认为,在我国渔业管理中引入共同管理理念既更多还原

【Abstract】 As fisheries in other countries of the world, the Chinese fisheries are also suffering from lots of problems, including, inter alia, overcapitalization, overexploitation, and poor compliance of regulation by fishermen. In order to ensure its fisheries development in a sustainable way, the state’s central government has initiated a series of actions, including most notably the seasonal and area closures, restriction on the national fleet size, and setting a target of "zero growth" of marine catches. To put those initiatives into practice, the government has spent a huge amount of human and financial resources. Yet, the effect turns out to be quite limited.How can we get out of this embracement? The crucial question for the success of any management scheme is what measures are needed to get fishermen voluntarily to advance their collective interests at the expense of their private ones. In other words, what could motivate fishermen to adhere loyally to the regulations? Two interrelated keywords here are "legitimacy" and "compliance"; i.e. to what extent fishermen willingly accept the regulations as appropriate and consistent with their persisting values. If fishermen find the regulatory scheme legitimate, there is more reason to believe that they will follow the rules.After a broad-brush review of the global fisheries management, we find that the international fisheries also facing a management crisis. This crisis has several aspects, and for each aspect scholars suggests their solutions. Among these solutions, the co-management approach is considered that it can effectively improve the "legitimacy" and "compliance" of regulations.Fisheries co-management is defined as an arrangement where responsibility for resource management is between the government and stakeholder groups (the main constitutes are user-groups). It’s a set of dynamic process of creating new institutionalstructures, which determine how the fisheries administration and stakeholders cooperate. Co-management provides some sense of ownership to the fish resources, which makes user-groups far more responsible for obtaining long-term sustainability of the fish resources. The administration costs may increase in a co-management system, as the process may be rather time consuming, involving several interest groups, while the whole cost could be reduced for the more cost-efficient administration and enforcement process. Contrasted with the traditional top-down and "command-control" system, co-management has obvious advantages both in theory and in experience. It is argued that introducing the co-management idea into our fisheries management scheme is both necessary and feasible.The primary objective of this research, as the title of the dissertation suggested, is to provide a co-management solution to problems suffered by the Chinese fisheries. Theoretical issues associated with this objective that we try to identify are: What is the clause(s) underlying fishermen’s poor compliance to regulation, and by what means can the compliance issue be effectively and efficiently improved?The dissertation is structured into four sections. To begin with, Section I explains the qualification and objectives of, methodology employed and limitations suffered by, this research as well as the structure of the dissertation. Next, we provide a review of key issues and events of science-based fisheries management from historical time to present, and some solutions for the recent management crisis are described in brief, too. Following on from this, the paper examines the theory and practice relating to fisheries co-management. Then, the paper discusses the necessity and feasibility of introducing a regime into our fisheries management system after a brief analysis of China’s fisheries management system and its effectiveness and efficiency. The dissertation is ended with some suggestions on how to incorporated co-management regime into the existing management framework.更多还原