【作者】 袁义江；

【导师】 章健；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 电力系统及其自动化， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城乡电网建设与改造的进行,形成了多供电途径的网格状配电网,其运行方式非常灵活。因此,仅凭着值班员的经验调度和管理配电网越来越困难,迫切需要发展人工智能协助操作员甚至代替操作员更科学、更及时地作出最佳的调度决策,从而确保配网安全运行,降低运行费用和提高经济效益,更好地提高供电可靠性,最大限度地发挥配电网的潜力,也可以使配电网自运化系统的效益更好地体现出来,并促进该行业长期稳定持续地发展。通过配网自动化,不必登杆操作,在配电控制中心就可以控制柱上开关;实现配电变电站和开闭所无人值班;进行远方抄表;借助人工智能代替人的经验作出更科学的决策;报表、曲线、操作记录等自动存档;数据统计和处理;配电地理信息系统的建立;客户呼叫服务系统等。这些手段无疑显著地降低了劳动强度、提高了服务质量。配网自动化系统的发展趋势,就是由依靠人们经验的自动化系统,向更加广泛的采用人工智能的智能化配电系统发展。配网自动化的实现的前提是能实时掌握配电网中一些重要节点的各项电力参数,比如电压、电流、功率、电能质量等等,因此迫切需要大量的智能化具有远程通信功能的配网自动化终端。配电网一方面通过这些终端来获取配网的实时信息,另一方面也可以通过这些终端来控制配网的行为。 随着电子、计算机、网络、通信以及嵌入式系统等技术的发展以及城乡电网改造的进行,许多智能化的配网终端纷纷出现。这些智能化的配网终端同以往的产品相比较,具有更丰富的功能、廉价优质的通信方式、更高的可靠性和稳定性。部分产品还具有现场控制功能。结合配网发展现状,并考虑到配网的需求,本文提出了一种基于嵌入式系统、具有多种通信方式的配网自动化终端的设计方案。该终端可以采集三相电压、电流的有效值,三相电压、电流的数字波形,三相有功、无功、视在功率,频率,现场温度等各种电力参数,还可以同时采集3路脉冲量,8路模拟量。终端具有以太网通信,GPRS通信等廉价优质的通信方式,还具有传统的RS232和RS485通信。 本文先详细说明了终端的功能,然后给出了终端设计的技术基础,其中包括嵌入式系统、GPRS通信,VC数据库编程以及PROTELL设计PCB板等产品软件硬件开发的知识。本文也给出了终端硬件电路设计的全部过程,其中包括终端的电源设计、复位电路、通信系统、脉冲通道、电力参数采集通道等各个功能模更多还原

【Abstract】 With the developing of city and country power distribution network, comby power distribution net with multi distribution passes has come into being. The running mode of the new distribution net is so flexible that it is hard to run it only by the dispatchers’ experiences. So artificial intelligence must be developed imminently to corporate, even to replace dispatchers to do the optimal dispatch in time. Artificial intelligence dispatch can also ensure safe run of the net, reduce the run charge, increase economic benefit, improve the net’s reliability and exert the power distribution net’s potential furthest. It can promote this direction to develop continuously and steadily.Now, dispatchers can control the switch on pole through the new power distribution automation system which they have to do by climbing up the pole in the past. It takes some new methods such as Unmanned distribution station and switch station, remote data collection, auto storage of reports forms and curves and operation records, construction of distribution GIS and customer service system, etc. to educe the working intensity and increase the service quality. The distribution system relied on dispatchers’ experiences is replaced by the intelligent one relied on artificial intelligence step by step.The precondition of the distribution automation is that mastering electric parameters of some important nodes of the net, such as voltage, current, power, power quality, etc. So large numbers of intelligent distribution automation terminals that have remote communication function are required to get real-time information of distribution net and to send some controls.With the developing of electronics, computer, network, communication and embedded system and the construction of city and county power distribution net, some intelligent terminals appear. These terminals have abundant functions, cheap and high quality communication, more reliability and stabilization compared with old ones. Some terminals have already control functions. Combine the distribution actuality with it’s requirement , a new type of terminal that is based on embedded system and has multi communication channels is designed in this paper. The designed terminal can collect too many electric parameters such as voltage RMS, current RMS, digitalwaveform of voltage and current, active power, reactive power, apparent power, frequency and current temperature etc. It also has three pulse data channels, eight analog data channels. The terminal has good quality and low cost communication channels such as Ethernet communication, GPRS, expect traditional RS232 and RS485.In the paper, the terminal’s functions are described detailed at first. And, gives some base knowledge that is used in the process of design, such as embedded system, GPRS, database program of VC , PCB design and so on. Then, gives the terminal hardware design in details, including power design, reset circuit, communication system, pulse data channels and electric parameters collection channels. At last, gives the terminal’s software design, consisting of OS, drivers, communication programs, data collection programs and background application software.This designed terminal has embedded operation system uClinux to govern hardware. It has high quality and low cost communication channels , such as GPRS and Ethernet communication, and too many data collection channels; It has high reliability and good quality-price ratio.更多还原