【作者】 徐彤；

【导师】 朱新生；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 材料学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 为了改善熔纺聚氨酯纤维产品的性能,扩大应用范围,本课题借助力学性能测试、流变性能测试、XRD 和红外光谱等技术重点研究了不同添加剂对热塑性聚氨酯的流变性能、可纺性及纤维的微观结构和物理力学性能的影响,并从结晶度、晶粒尺寸和拉伸性能等方面比较了熔纺和干纺聚氨酯纤维的结晶性、回弹性和耐热性,探讨了不同热定型处理温度对纤维结构和性能的影响。得到以下重要结论: 1、增塑作用、偶联剂与聚氨酯之间存在的物理化学作用和偶联剂处理的纳米微粒的增强作用均使共混体系熔体平衡粘度上升。在聚氨酯熔融过程中,充填和熔融阶段造成分子量下降。2、偶联剂和硅油通过自缩聚反应原位形成的纳米粒子分散较好,基本上可实现顺利纺丝,而增塑剂可纺丝性非常优异。增塑剂提高了纤维的结晶性,改善了物理力学性能与热稳定性。增塑剂与偶联剂A 并用时,显著地提高了聚氨酯纤维的力学强度和弹性回复率。随着增塑剂增加,拉伸外力功和力学损耗均增大。硅油确实形成了良好橡胶过渡层,力学损耗率低。3、热处理和耐热结构交联剂明显地改善熔纺聚氨酯纤维的耐热性,其中CR-ESC 和CR-ESH 的130℃干热恢复率分别为58.8%和60.2%,而未改性的CR-ES则56.2%,干热恢复率显著提高。4、考虑到增塑剂增塑作用、偶联剂及硅油自缩聚反应、大分子链的扩散以及大分子链可能热降解因素,建议热定型温度在100-120℃。生产实践表明:耐热性熔纺纤维干热恢复率达到66%,染色温度从常规熔纺纤维的90-100℃提高到110℃,而热定型温度则从125℃提高到140℃,产品性能已经接近日本日清纺熔纺纤维的水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 To improve the properties of melt-spun polyurethane fibre and enlarge it’s application, the effects of several additives on the spinnability, microstructures, rheological property and other physico-mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane were studied with Hakke torque and capillary rheometers, infrared spectra,X-ray diffraction and other measurement devices. The correlation between crystallinity, elasticity and heat resistance of the melt-spun and dry-spun polyurethane fibres were discussed and compared based on the degree and the size of crystallization and tensile properties. The effect of the heat set treatment under different temperatures on the microstructure and properties of polyurethane fibre were analysed. Here are the important findings: 1. The plasticization, the physical and chemical interactions of coupling agents with polyurethane and the reinforcement of coupling agent pretreated nanoparticles all increased the polymer melt viscosities.While in the loading and melting processes of the polymer with additives, the polymer molar mass was reduced rapidly. 2. Nanoparticles formed by coupling agents and funcationalized silicone oils via self-condensation with good dispersions made the spinning process smooth, while plasticizer showed excellent spinnability. Plasticizer increased the degree of crystallization, and thus improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of polyurethane.The combination of plasticizer S and coupling agent A remarkably improved the mechanical properties and elasticity of the melt-spun fiber.With the increase of the plasticizer, extension work and mechanical loss became large.Functionalized silicone oils did form a rubbery island phase deduced from the calculation of mechanical loss. 3. The heat set treatment and heat resistance crosslinking agent can both improve the heat-resistance of melt-spun polyurethane, so did the ratio of dry-heat recovery.The ratio of dry-heat recovery of the modified fibers CR-ESC (crosslinking) and CR-ESH (heat) were 58.8% and 60.2%, while the unmodified CR-ES was 56.2%. 4. The temperature of heat set treatment was suggested to be 100-120℃when the plasticization of plasticiser, the self-condensation of the functionalized silicone oils and coupling agents, the diffusion and thermal degradation of the macromolecular chain were considered. Finally, the ratio of dry-heat recovery of melt-spun fibre, dyeing temperature and the heat set treatment temperture for the fabrics from the fibers made from industrial production line were 66%, 110℃and 140℃respectively, instead of 56.2%, 90-100℃and 125℃respectively. Major properties had come close to those of the imported counterpart from Japan.更多还原