【作者】 王翠丽；

【导师】 李军；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 儿童少年卫生与妇幼保健， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 研究目的:工作倦怠是指在职业环境中,对长期的情感和人际关系压力源的应激反应而表现出的一系列心理、生理综合征,表现为情绪疲惫、去人格化和个人成就感降低。护士是工作倦怠的高发群体,而倦怠具有消极性,对个体的身心健康和工作表现均有不良影响,导致焦虑、抑郁、头痛、失眠、缺勤、工作效率下降等。国外多认为倦怠是个体心理因素和社会环境因素长期交互作用的结果。我国对工作倦怠领域的研究开展较晚,进展较少,对护士倦怠的影响因素研究只侧重于某一方面,不够系统和完善。鉴于此,本研究欲对影响我国护士工作倦怠的各种心理社会影响因素进行系统的研究,以期为护士个体的心理调适与干预及组织干预提供一定的理论依据。 研究方法:本研究采用整群抽样的方法,从山东大学齐鲁医院按科室分层随机选择工作一年以上的护士245人作为调查对象。对调查对象进行问卷调查,内容包括:Maslach工作倦怠量表(MBI)、护士工作压力源量表(NJSI)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、工作心理控制源问卷(WLCS)、自尊量表(SES)、艾森克人格(成人)问卷(EPQ)以及自制的一般情况问卷。用SPSS10.0进行数据的整理、统计与分析。 研究结果:收回有效问卷232份,有效回收率95%。 1.被研究护士的工作倦怠的发生率还是相当高的,67.3%的护士在个人成就感维度上呈现中高度倦怠,64.7%的护士有中高度的情绪疲惫感,33.6%的护士有中高度的去人格化倾向。与国外Maslach样本相比存在显著性差异,主要表现在个人成就感较低,情绪疲惫感较强,而去人格化较低。 2.年龄、护龄、家庭交流状况、家庭关系、婚姻状况、经济状况、学历、科室与护士工作倦怠的程度有关。 3.积极应对方式与护士工作倦怠负相关;消极应对方式与倦怠正相关。 4.外控、低自尊的护士,工作倦怠程度高,反之,内控、高自尊的护士,工作倦怠程度低。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVES: Job burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced accomplishment. Nurses are risk population of burnout. Burnout precipitates negative effects on health and job performance which are mental dysfunction, physical discomfort and job withdrawal, such as anxiety, depression, headache, insomnias, absenteeism, lower effectiveness, and so forth.It is mostly considered by overseas researchers that the interaction of psychological factors and situational factors influences burnout of nurses together.Domestic researches on burnout develop more lately and slowly. Most of the researches about burnout of nurses have merely emphasized particularly on some aspect, which are not enough systematic and consummate. Herein, we attempt to carry out systematic research on the psychological and situational factors’ influence on burnout of nurses, then to provide theoretical basis of the psychological adjustment and intervention for the nurses and organizations.METHODS: The sample consisted of 245 nurses with 1 or more years of experience who were randomly selected from Shandong University Qilu Hospital. The instruments studied included Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Nursing Job Stress Inventory (NJSI), Simple Coping Strategies Questionnaire (SCSQ); Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS), Work Locus of Control Scales (WLCS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scales (RSES), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Adult) (EPQ) and self-made questionnaire aboutindividual information. Data was analyzed with SPSS10.0 statistic software. RESULTS: The effective response rate was 95% (n=232).1. Burnout morbidity was significant. 67. 3% of informants scored as moderate or high burnout cases on the Personal Accomplishment subscale of the MBI, 64.7% on the Emotional Exhaustion subscale, 33.6% on the Depersonalization subscale. Nurses in our study experienced lower personal accomplishment, higher emotional exhaustion and lower depersonalization than ones in Maslach’s study.2. We found significant associations between the MBI scales and demographic variables such as age, work experience, family, marriage, economy, educational level, section office.3. Burnout of nurses was negatively correlated to active coping styles but positively to passive coping styles.4. Burnout is higher among nurses who have an external locus of control and low self-esteem rather than internal locus of control and high self-esteem.5. The level of burnout was confirmed as being positively relevant to introversion, neuroticism, psychotics, lying.6. Higher work stress led to higher burnout.7. Social support alleviated burnout.8. By liner regression analysis, we found the main factors which influence burnout.① The main factors which influence emotional exhaustion included neuroticism, experienced workload and time pressure, total work stress, family communication, the use of support and economy of family.② The main factors which influence depersonalization included total work stress, marriage, psychotics, self-esteem and family communication.③The main factors which influence personal accomplishment included active coping styles, lying, manage style and interpersonal relationship and objective support.CONCLUSIONS: Burnout has seriously negative effect on health and job performance. These findings suggest that burnout of nurses is influenced by psychological factors and situational factors together. We can effectively prevent and alleviate burnout by use of personal psychological and organizational comprehensive intervention, which improve nurses’ health and work efficiency.更多还原