市场化条件下中国邮政的创新战略

【作者】 田旭；

【导师】 孙曰瑶；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 政治经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 邮政作为一个古老的行业,经历了无数次变革,业务范围不断扩大。从最早的文书、信件、广告、包裹,到报刊、杂志、电报,再到邮政储蓄、特快专递、邮购、物流等新兴业务,邮政在不断壮大。但是,随着信息化革命来临,第三次改革浪潮的兴起,新的方便、快捷的通信工具——电话、传真、因特网的出现冲击着古老的邮政通信。很多国家的邮政产业受到电信产业的重创,并从20世纪八九十年代起,出现连年亏损。 中国邮政也不例外。20世纪70年代,中国邮电行业是“以邮养电”,即邮政盈利,电信亏损。而从20世纪80年代末期开始,邮政由盈利逐渐转为亏损,当时的“以邮养电”变成了“以电养邮”。中国邮政为摆脱困难局面,从20世纪80年代开始探讨改革,先后采取了推行中心局体制,组建快速干线邮运网;在管理体制方面实行政企分开,邮电分营;改革邮政经营机制,积极推行专业化经营;改革邮政网路结构,全国实行邮区中心局体制,优化邮政网络资源配置;在国家邮政局收支差额管理政策的驱使下,提出了“全员营销”等措施。在这种“运动式”的发展政策推动下,邮政巨额亏损的局面有所好转,并于2001年底,实现了近10年来的首次盈利。但是“运动式”的经营策略造成了各级邮政企业注重追求短期效应,如为增加收入而对集邮品掠夺式开发、跨界揽收造成各邮政企业间的恶性竞争,业务收入的增幅连年下降,中国邮政显出增长乏力局面。随着电信技术的快速发展,邮政传统业务部分被取代已经是不争的事实,有关传统业务的改革研究很多,本文从发展新型邮政业务角度出发,提出利用中国邮政“三流合一”、全程全网联合作业的资源优势和电子互联网技术,试从物流和网上购物两方面,为中国邮政的未来发展提出可操作性的发展战略。 本文以产业经济学理论、管理学理论及市场营销学等理论为基础,采用理论分析和实证分析相结合的方法对市场化条件下的中国邮政创新发展进行了定量及定性分析,就如何开展邮政物流和网上购物进行了实证研究。本文首先分析了邮政各类业务的发展情况及变化趋势,传统业务收入所占比重逐年下降,新业务比重逐年上升,突出了发展新业务的重要性。其次,运用SWOT方法分析了中国邮政目前的优势、劣势以及面临的机遇和挑战,得出发展物流和网上购物等新型业务的必然性与可行性。在此基础上,重点探讨了如何发展物流,并对邮政开更多还原

【Abstract】 Post as an old industry has experienced many reforms, and the business scope expanded continually. Post grows with the widening business scope, from the earliest business of records, letters, advertisements and parcel, to newspaper, magazines and telegraphs, then to postal savings, express mail, postal remittance and logistics. However, with the coming of information revolution, the new convenient and quick communicationtools----telephone, fax and Internet threaten the old postal method. Postin many countries was hit by the telecommunication, and suffered successive loss since the 1980s.China Post also faces these problems. In the 1970s, in the China Post &Telecom, the part of Post was in profit and the other part was in loss; but since the end of the 1980s, the situation has turned. To get rid of the tough situation, from the 1980s, China Post began to carry out a series of reforms, among which are: implementing central post office system in order to build fast lines of networks to optimize the allocation of Postal resources; in the respect of management system, enforcing the separation of the government and enterprise, and the Post part and the Telecom part; improving the operating system by specialized operation; putting forward "all employees are in marketing" , activated by the policy of management by the gap of income and expenditure.With the push of the policy, the situation of huge loss has ameliorated. In the end of 2001, China Post realized profit for the first time for the recent 10 years. But the policy led all post offices to run after the shortage effect, e.g. raising income by over exploring the philately products and other questionable competing means. In fact with the continuously dropping of income increasing amplitude, it is difficult for China Post to grow. As traditional postal business was partly replacedby the fast development of new information communication technology obviously, much research has been done on the reforms of traditional business. In this paper, the writer raises operational strategy for the future development of China Post, i. e. to extend new business, mainly on postal logistics and e-shopping, by utilizing its own integrated operation system that is made up of three subsystems (including the most intact transport system, post information system and cash system), its resource advantage of "cooperating under the control of network all the way" and the technology of Internet.Based on the theories of Industrial Economics, Management and Marketing, by analyzing the innovative development of China Post qualitatively and quantitatively, this paper studies how to carry on postal logistics and e-shopping under the condition of market economy. In this paper, the writer first analyzes the situations and trends of all kinds of business of the China Post, among which are the traditional business rate decreasing year by year, giving prominence to the significance of developing new business. Then through SWOT analyzes its advantages, disadvantages and the challenges and opportunities faced China Post, the writer concludes that it is suitable to develop postal logistics and e-shopping for the China Post. Based on these studies, the writer emphatically argues how to develop postal logistics, and studies how to develop e-shopping in a creative way, and analyzes the feasibility and necessity of postal logistics and e-shopping of China Post in detail, and brings out the guiding principle of the innovation. What’ s more, the writer suggests implementing cooperation with the online companies, enforcing authority certificate to contracted companies and building the related system of credit rating for them. In the end, the writer raises the feasible industrial policy for the development of the China Post.更多还原