【作者】 仲平；

【导师】 蒋文举；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 建筑的能源使用在我国能源消耗中占有越来越重要的地位,同时带来的大气污染等环境问题也日益突出。有关建筑生命周期能耗的研究始于上个世纪九十年代中后期,先后在欧洲、北美洲和大洋洲的发达国家得到了很多应用,但在我国的发展却基本上处于空白。建筑生命周期能耗研究有助于全面了解我国建筑能耗水平、建筑用能模式、积累建筑能耗基础数据、评价相关环境影响,从更加全面、系统的层面和更长远的眼光来看待建筑在不同生命周期阶段中的能源消耗以及所带来的环境问题,从而设计出适用于建筑整个生命周期的能源环境策略,使其在整个生命周期中的能源消耗与环境影响水平达到最优化。 本研究在剖析我国面临的能源与环境挑战基础上,将生命周期理论应用于建筑系统能源消耗研究中,建立了宏观建筑系统和微观单体建筑生命周期能耗评估模型,并运用所建立的模型对我国宏观建筑系统的生命周期能量消耗和位于北京市的两座不同建筑结构的住宅建筑进行了实例分析,得出:2000年我国建筑系统生命周期能源消耗总量为576.16Mtce,占当年全国能源总消耗量的44.1%,远远高于人们传统认识层面的建筑能源消耗;位于北京的砖混结构住宅建筑A在整个生命周期的能源消耗总量为156249.99GJ,单位面积能源消耗为30.94GJ;全现浇结构住宅建筑B在整个生命周期的能源消耗总量为819847.99GJ,单位面积能源消耗为30.69GJ。研究估算2000年我国建筑整个生命周期能源使用所引起的主要环境排放为:二氧化碳320.19Mt(碳)、甲烷684.04万t、二氧化硫782.18万t、氮氧化物587.39万t、烟尘359.76万t,分别占当年全国总排放量的36.0%、16.0%、39.2%、29.5%和30.9%。 通过模型所反映出来的趋势和建筑生命周期不同阶段的能源使用特点,可以推断我国建筑生命周期能源消耗所带来的环境影响将逐步加深,并被赋予一更多还原

【Abstract】 Building energy use has been raising more and more concerns in China on the field of energy consumption as well as environmental degradation. Researches related with building life-cycle energy use were started in the late 1990s. Researchers of west-Europe, north-America and Oceania had applied this study into many cases and generated lots of useful outcomes, but there are nothing had been systematically done in China. Study of building life-cycle energy use is helpful to understand the overall level and the characteristics of Chinese building energy consumption, to accumulate basic data on building energy use and to assess relevant environmental impacts. It can provide a more comprehensive, systematic and long-term view for researchers on building energy use. By conducting such researches, much more comprehensive and sophisticated understandings and strategies dealing with environmental impacts araised by building energy use can be expected.Based on the analysis of current energy and environmental chanllenges that China is confronting, the study applied Life-cycle theory into the research of building energy use. This research established numerical models to estimate building life-cycle energy use from both macro and micro level, and further applied those models to evaluate Chinese overall building life-cycle energy use and two domestic buildings of different type in Beijing as examples. The research revealed that: the total amount of the building life-cycle energy use in China hits 576.16 Mtce, account for 44.1% of total energy comsuption in China in 2000, which is much higher thanthe conventional perception; building A (main structure is made of bricks and concrete) consumes 156249.99 GJ and 30.94 GJ/m2 through all its life, building B (main structure is made of concrete) consumes 819847.99 GJ and 30.69 GJ/m2 through all its life. Based on these findings and conclusions, the author further estimated the annual environmental emission related with the building life-cycle energy use in 2000: CO2 320.19 Mt (coal equivalent), CH4 6840.4 Kt, SO2 7821.8 Kt, NOX 5873.9 Kt and soot 3597.6 Kt, accounting for 36.0%, 16.0%, 39.2%, 29.5% and 30.9% of the total nation emission level respectively.Based on the tendency and characteristics of energy use of each life stage reflected from the model results, conclusion of the worsening of environmental impacts araised from building life-cycle energy use can be deduced. These environmental impacts will be endowed some new features, which need to be alleviated via new environmental stretagies. The study calls for whole life-cycle energy conservation in order to cease the tendency of increasing energy consumption and worsening of the environment, policy instruments on each building life stage such as energy saving in construction material industry, building energy efficiency design, transportation energy conservation, recycle and reuse the construction wastes and the building life-cycle design are all necessary to reach a more sustainable building life-cycle energy use.更多还原