【作者】 张雪松；

【导师】 朱建良；

【作者基本信息】 南京工业大学 ， 生物化工， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 生物制氢技术作为一种新兴的制氢技术,它可以利用包括工农业废弃物在内的多种有机物作为基质产生氢气,耗能少,成本低廉,有巨大的应用前景和发展潜力。生物质是植物光合作用的最主要的产物,实际产量丰富。利用现代生物技术将秸秆等纤维素类物质转化为新能源,可以缓解或解决能源问题以及农作物资源对环境污染的问题。本文以经预处理的农业水稻秸秆为原料,以活性污泥作为天然厌氧发酵菌群来源,厌氧发酵制取生物氢气。原料的预处理关系到后续工序和物料转化利用率、产品得率、成本等。利用化学的、物理的方法对纤维素类物质进行预处理,可以提高对原料的利用率。作为预处理过程中两种最为常见的处理方法,酸处理与氨处理相比,酸处理更能提高纤维素类物质的利用率,提高产氢量。在最适条件下,将原料中纤维素、半纤维素的利用率从氨处理时的24.28%提高到35.87%。酸处理的最适工艺条件为,硫酸浓度0.7%,处理压力0.1MPa,维压时间60min,固液比为1:12,原料过60 目筛。原料秸秆经过处理后,在温度37℃,初始pH 值6.0,底物浓度30g/L,污泥浓度27.5g/L,以蛋白胨为有机氮源,NH₄Cl 为无机氮源条件下的产氢能力为94.69ml/（g·TS）。同时对厌氧发酵生物产氢过程进行了试验研究,优化了产氢条件,其最适厌氧发酵产氢的工艺条件为,温度37℃,初始pH 值7.0,底物浓度40g/L,污泥浓度27.5g/L,以玉米浆为有机氮源,NH4Cl 为无机氮源。在此条件下,原料秸秆的产氢能力为131.7ml/（g·TS）,产氢延迟时间为5.8 小时,原料中纤维素、半纤维素的利用率提高到49.89%。所得生物气产物中没有检测到甲烷,氢气含量为55.4%。利用以农作物秸秆为代表的纤维素类物质经预处理结合发酵产氢的研究较少,本文完成了由纤维素类物质经预处理后发酵制取生物氢气的工艺路线,通过设计正交实验对酸（氨水）浓度、反应压力、时间以及固液比等参数的研究,考察了秸秆在不同预处理条件下产氢的情况,优化预处理条件,提高了秸秆的有效利用率;同时对厌氧发酵生物产氢过程在不同条件（pH 值、温度等）下的产氢过程进行了试验研究,优化了产氢条件。本课题的初步研究为以后厌氧产氢的机理研究、高效产氢反应器的研制以及日后的工业化利用提供了一定的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biologically hydrogen producing, a new type of hydrogen producing technique, makes use of varies of organism, including agricultural and industrial offal as materials to produce hydrogen. This technique involves less costs and energy requirements, makes it able to have a practical and promising future. Biomass is the major product of photosynthesis that has a relatively large amount of output. Using the modern bio-technique to transform the cellulose substances, like straw, to new types of energy resources is an effective way to relieve or even solve the problems of the energy resources as well as the problems of the environmental pollution. Bio-hydrogen was produced by the pre-processed straw as raw material and digested sludge as the source of natural bacterium through anaerobic fermentative technique. The pre-processing of the raw materials has a close relation with the following process as well as the utilization ratio of material transformation, the field and the cost, ect. . It’s an impactful way to raise the utilization ratio by using chemical and physical methods to pre-process the cellulose substances. Being two of the most common ways of pre-procession, compared with each other, acidified treatment can better increase the utilization of cellulose substances, thus to raise the output of hydrogen. Acidified treatment may increase the utilization from 24.28% (percentage of utilization when using ammoniated treatment) to 35.87%. the best circumstance for acidified treatment technique is, (sulfuric acid) of consistency of 0.7%, pressure of procession:0.1 MPa, pressuring time: 60 min, solid/ liquid rate: 1:12 and the material though 60 mesh. And the hydrogen production reach 94.69 ml/ (g ·TS) while temperture:37℃, starting pH: 6.0, material concentration:30g/L,digested sludge concentration ^.5 g/L and peptone was taken as organic nitrogen while ammonium chloride as abio-nitrogen. The best circumstance of the treating techniques of the acidified raw material is, temperture:37℃, starting pH: 7.0, material concentration:40g/L,digested sludge concentration ^.5 g/L and corn plasm was taken as organic nitrogen while ammonium chloride as abio-nitrogen. At the optimal conditions, the highest total hydrogen production of 131.7ml/ (g ·TS) was reached, the percentage of utilization was increased in 49.89%, and the delay-time reached 5.8h. Only hydrogen and carbon dioxide was tested in whole process and the content of bio-hydrogen is 55.4%. The way of anaerobic fermentative bio-hydrogen production with cellulose material by pretreatment has been studied rarely. The factors have been studied in order to optimize condition and improve the utilization of material in different pretreatments such as concentration, pretreatment pressure ^ time and solid/ liquid rate and complete whole route. Bio-hydrogen product processes also have been optimized through pH and temperature etc. that would be provided basis on elements of anaerobic fermentative > studied on reactors and industrialization for future.更多还原