理性有限与权力制约

【作者】 洪刚；

【导师】 张爱军；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 政治学理论， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 理性意味着人们面对世俗生活,亲身观察、独立思考,正是理性赋予了个人自我指导的生活能力,从而使个人获得了自主和自由。人们对理性的认识经历了漫长的历史过程,然而至今不同性质的政治理论对人类知识状态的界定和对理性的看法仍多有不同。建构理性主义夸大了人类理性的能力,对理性提出了言过其实的要求,使个人自由受到严重的理论威胁并在现实中结出恶性之果;进化论理性主义以审慎的态度认为:人的理性是有限的,每个人对绝大多数具体事实的无知是必然的和不可弥补的,而正是这些事实决定了社会的进步,在人类社会发展中不存在全知全能的伟大人物,并且,现存的社会秩序和规则很大程度上是自然秩序扩展的结果。因而权力也应该审慎地运用,在它不应涉及的领域,权力应受到善意的驱逐。理性的有限性在政治上的体现必然是权力的有限与限制,这一信仰通过共和、民主和宪政三位一体的政治架构体现出来,从而保证权力的运用受到制约。更多还原

【Abstract】 Reason means that people observe and think independently in person in the face of common customs life, it is the reason which has been entrusted to the viability that individual guides oneself, thus make individual acted on one’s own and freedom. People’s understanding of reason has gone through the long historical course, but the definition to human knowledge and the view of reason in different nature political theory still have more difference until now. Rationalism exaggerate mankind’s rational ability and put forward the bloated demand to reason, It makes individual freedom receive the serious theory and is threatened and bears the malignant fruit in reality; the theory of evolution thinks with the scrupulous attitude to evolve normally: People’s reason is limited, it is inevitable and irretrievable that everybody is ignorant of concrete fact of overwhelming majority, and these facts determines the progress of the society exactly .There are no omniscient and omnipotent great personages in the human social development. Furthermore, the order and rule of the society are results of natural orders expanding in a great extent. Therefore power should be used scrupulously in the field which should not be involved in, power should be given well-meaning expulsion. Rational limited manifests in politics inevitably is the limited authority, this belief was explained through republican, the democracy and the constitutional government Trinity political construction manifests, thus make the authority utilization receives the restriction.更多还原