辽宁省自然灾害的第四纪环境背景研究

【作者】 张鑫；

【导师】 李永化；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 自然地理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 辽宁省自然灾害发生频繁,是阻碍经济发展的最重要的一个因素。本文首先对辽宁省孕灾环境和承灾体进行调查,然后对辽宁省自然灾害的主要类型、自然灾害的特点及其对社会经济的影响进行调查分析。调查得出,辽宁省致灾因子多,而且自然条件比较复杂,所以灾害种类多,成灾面积广。全省自然灾害有气象灾害、地质灾害、地貌灾害、生物灾害等。其中气象灾害包括旱涝、大风、低温冷害、寒潮、冰雹、霜冻、台风和风暴潮等;地质灾害包括地震、滑坡、泥石流、崩塌等;地貌灾害包括水土流失、土地沙漠化等;生物灾害包括农作物病虫害、鼠害、森林病虫害等。在此基础上,对自然灾害的第四纪环境背景进行了分析,着重分析了第四纪的气候变化对各种自然灾害——旱涝灾害、地质灾害、地貌灾害的影响。认为第四纪以来环境变化是气象灾害、海洋灾害、洪涝灾害、生物灾害的源头,因此研究第四纪以来环境变化的规律对未来自然灾害预测,是十分重要的工作。同时,自然灾害的发生往往不是孤立的,往往某一种致灾因子或生态环境变化引发一系列灾害现象,根据区域的自然灾害的地域组合不同,各区不同的灾害链组合,把辽宁省分为三个自然灾害区,根据他们的差异性制定针对性的防灾减灾对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nature disaster often takes place, and it is one of most important factors which have an effect on economy development. This paper firstly investigates hazard-formative environments and hazard-affected bodies in Liaoning Province, and then analyzes the main categories, characteristics and impact on economy and people of nature disaster. According to the research, the hazard-formative factors are many and natural conditions are complicated, so the varieties of the disaster are many and the area of disastrous effects is wide in Liaoning Province. There are meteorological disaster, geological disaster, geomorphologic disaster and biological disaster in Liaoning Province. The meteorological disasters consist of drought and flood disaster, storm disaster, low temperature and freeze disaster, cold wave, hail disaster, frost disaster, typhoon and so on. The geological disasters consist of earthquake disaster, land slide, debris flow, and collapse and so on. The geomorphologic disasters consist of soil and water loss, desertification hazard and so on. The biological disasters consist of disaster in the agriculture, mice disaster, and insect disaster in the forest. On the basis, the paper analyzes the environmental background of Quaternary Period, especial the influence of climatic changes in Quaternary Province to the nature disaster, such as drought and flood disaster, geological disaster, geomorphologic disaster. Because environmental changes is the source of meteorological disaster, marine disaster, flood disaster and biological disaster, the research of the law of the environmental changes is a very important work to forecast the future nature disaster. What is more, the nature disaster is not alone, because a series of disaster phenomena caused by a certain kind of hazard or the change of ecological environments. At last, according to different of the characteristics regions of disaster chains, the paper divides three nature disaster regions and put s forward the different countermeasures of the disaster reduction.更多还原