【作者】 张丽；

【导师】 王秀武；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 细胞生物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以艾维茵肉仔鸡为试验对象,通过研究消化器官生长发育、免疫功能、肠道微生态、营养物质利用率、组织器官矿物元素分布以及生长性能等指标,探讨了壳寡糖对肉仔鸡的影响作用。试验结果表明:饲粮含有0、5mg/kg、25mg/kg 和125mg/kg 壳寡糖时,49 天试验结束,125mg/kg 壳寡糖组肉仔鸡胰腺、十二指肠、盲肠和结直肠相对重量分别比对照组降低7.19%、14.05%、12.75%和19.59%,差异显著(P<0.05),十二指肠、空肠和回肠粘膜厚度分别减少35.34%、18.18%和27.91%,差异显著(P<0.05),肠壁厚度分别减少11.99%、34.27%和29.92%,差异显著(P<0.05),肉仔鸡空肠和回肠绒毛高度分别增加8.09%和36.66%,差异显著(P<0.05),十二指肠、空肠、回肠的隐窝深度分别增加18.11%、37.14%和23.56%,差异显著(P<0.05),绒毛宽度分别减少23.54%、61.97%和8.31%,差异显著(P<0.05),其中回肠微绒毛密度增加4.50%,差异显著(P<0.05),壳寡糖组肉仔鸡胸腺和法氏囊相对重量分别比对照组增加16.51%和45.92%,差异显著(P<0.05),7 周龄时新城疫抗体效价也比对照组提高22.22%,差异显著(P<0.05),49 日龄肉仔鸡盲肠内容物菌群的影响结果显示:壳寡糖有降低肉仔鸡盲肠中大肠杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量的趋势,但差异不显著。消化代谢试验结果显示:壳寡糖组肉仔鸡氮沉积率比对照组提高11.47%,差异极显著(P<0.01),肉仔鸡粗脂肪和粗纤维消化率分别比对照组减少7.04%和42.90%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定7 周龄肉仔鸡肝脏、胸肉、小胸肉和腿肉矿物元素含量。结果表明:壳寡糖组均提高了肉仔鸡肝脏中Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn和Fe 的含量,其中125mg/kg 壳寡糖组的Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn 和Fe 含量最高,分别比对照组提高358.00%(P<0.01)、561.27%(P<0.01)、41.03%(P<0.01)、202.66%(P<0.05)和73.57%(P<0.01),而胸肉中Mn 含量比对照组降低29.46%,差异显著(P<0.05),随着壳寡糖添加水平的升高肉仔鸡小胸肉中Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Fe 含量逐渐降低。壳寡糖提高了肉仔鸡腿肉中Ca、Mg 和Mn 的含量,其中5mg/kg 壳寡糖组腿肉中Ca和Mn,125mg/kg 壳寡糖组腿肉中Mg 含量最高,分别比对照组提高44.24%(P<0.01)、更多还原

【Abstract】 This research studied the effect of oligochitosan on the growth and development of the broilers by measuring the indices of the digestive tract and the digestive gland, immunal function, caecal microbial ecology, digestibility of the nutrition, distribution of mineral element in the organs and growth performance. The results showed as follows: when the basal diet was added 0, 5mg/kg, 25mg/kg and 125mg/kg oligochitosan respectively and the experiments were lasted 49 days in 125mg/kg oligochitosan group the relative weights of pancreas, duodenum, caecum, colon and rectum of the broilers were decreased 7.19%, 14.05%, 12.75% and 19.95% respectively compared with the control group (P<0.05), the macosa thickness of duodenum, jejunum and ileum deceased 35.34%, 18.18% and 27.91%respectively (P<0.05), the thickness of intestinal wall deceased 11.99%, 34.27% and 29.92%respectively (P<0.05), the villous height of jejunum and ileum of the broilers increased 8.09% and 36.66%compared with the control group(P<0.05), the cypt depth of duodenum, jejunum and ileum increased 18.11%, 37.14% and 23.56% respectively (P<0.05), the villous width decreased 23.54%, 61.97% and 8.31% (P<0.05), the density of ileum microvillus increased 4.50%compared with the control group (P<0.05), the relative weights of thymus and bursa.F. of the broilers increased 16.51% and 45.92%(P<0.05) and the serum antibody titres to the newcastle disease virus of the broilers increased 22.22% at seven weeks old, the result of the number of E.coli, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli of 49-day-old broilers showed that: oligochitosan decreased the number of E.coli, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli (P>0.05), the result of digestive experiment showed that: the N deposit rat of broilers increased 11.47% compared with the control group(P<0.01), but the digestibility of crude fat, crude fiber and ash of broilers were decreased 7.04% and 42.90%(P<0.01). The mineral element contents were measured.The result showed that: the contents of Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn and Fe in the liver of the broilers in each group were increased and they are highest in 125mg/kg oligochitosan group increasing 358.00%(P<0.01), 561.27%(P<0.01), 41.03%(P<0.01), 202.66%(P<0.05) and 73.57%(P<0.01), and the content of Mn in the musculus pectoralis major decreased 29.46%(P<0.05). The contents of Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn and Fe in the musculus pectoralis minor decreased with the increasing of oligochitosan in the diet. Oligochitosan increased the contents of Ca、Mg、Mn in the muscle of thighs. The contents of Ca and Mg in the 5mg/kg oligochitosan group and Mn in the 125mg/kg oligochitosan group were the highest increasing 44.24%(P<0.01), 53.06% and 20.67%(P<0.01) respecticvely(P<0.05). The result of growth performance showed that: 5mg/kg, 25mg/kg and 125mg/kg oligochitosan increased the body weight of the broilers in each group with the increasing of oligochitosan in the diet. The body weight of 49-day-old broilers increased 5.85%(P<0.05)and the feed/gain decreased 3.93%(P<0.05). When oligochitosan increased to 1000mg/kg the broilers’s weight promoted 18.00%(P<0.05) and the feed/gain decreased 3.40%.更多还原