【作者】 陈东；

【导师】 石硕；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 专门史， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 中国西南地区的绝大部分民族都保留有“送魂”习俗。这一习俗与我们一般意义上所指的“送魂”有很大的区别,是特指西南一些民族人死后死者亡灵在本民族祭司指引下被一站站地送往祖居地的一种较为独特的文化习俗。 这一习俗显然具有很深的历史文化内涵和极大的研究价值。一方面,它是我国藏缅语民族丧葬礼俗中较为普遍的一种习俗,其他语族中虽然也有部分民族行此习俗,但显而易见的是受了藏缅语民族影响的缘故,说明了这一习俗既是臧缅语民族所特有的习俗之一,也是其与其他语族相区别的重要标志之一,这显然与藏缅语民族发展的特殊自然地理环境和历史文化背景密切相关;另一方面,就这一习俗本身而言,它保留许多有关这些民族发展的古老文化信息,如这些民族族源地的大致方位、历史发展变动的轨迹以及这些民族内部与其他民族之间亲疏远密关系都在这一习俗中得到了一定程度的体现和反映,这无疑大大加深了我们对这些民族渊源和历史发展的认识和理解,尤其值得珍视的是,这些信息对文献资料相对缺乏、无文字或虽部分有文字但并不普遍的西南民族地区进行历史文化研究的重要性是不言而喻的。 文中第一章为“序论”部分,简要对选题的原因、研究现状作了说明;第二章对“送魂”习俗的概念作了界定,大致勾画了它在西南地区的空间分布情况,并对一些民族的“送魂”路线进行了梳理;第三章主要对这一习俗与语言系属间的关系及在其丧葬礼俗中的地位和作用作了简单的探讨;第四章将“送魂”习俗与迁徙传说相联系,并探讨了它们之间的关系;第五章主要是对前四章的描述和研究进行了简短的小结。 笔者以为,通过对“送魂”这一习俗的系统梳理并将其置入历史和语言发展的演变关系之中、视这一习俗为西南民族地区一较为普遍完整的文化现象而不将其单独作为某一民族的特习来对待,这种视角无疑会对我们进一步认清西南一些民族的历史文化起到一定的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The most of ethnic groups in Southwest China maintain a custom named Soul-Sending. Different from the one kept by peoples of other areas, it is characterized in such a rite: after death, people’s souls would be sent to their ancestors’ hometown with the guide of priests station by station.Obviously, the custom has rich contents of history and culture, as well as great value for study. This is determined by two factors: on one hand, some ethnic groups of non-Tibetan-Burmese branch of languages also maintain the custom, but theirs are originated from the counterpart of the Tibetan-Burmese groups in fact, so it can be regarded as the symbol by which we can distinguish Tibetan-Burmese groups from others, and it is apparently associated with the special natural environments and historical-cultural backgrounds. On the other hand, the custom itself includes many information of ancient culture of these ethnic groups: the possible locations of origins, the trace of historical process, relationships among them and so on. All of these are reflected in this custom at some degree, and they help us understand the origins and progresses of these ethnic groups more easily. The fact that we should attach great importance here is that some of these ethnic groups have no their own characters, and some have but do not popularize them, therefore, there aren’t enough written materials for the researches on the history and culture of these groups. Because of this, the abundant in formations included in the custom become especially important.The dissertation consists of five chapters. The first, namely, prologue, explains the reasons for thesis selecting, and concisely introduces the progression of the researches relative to the custom; The second puts forward the concept of Soul-sending in advance, roughly delineates its regional distribution afterwards, and clear up several soul-sending roads in some ethnic group; The third mainly analyses its correspondence with languages and ascertains the part Soul-sending plays in the funeral ceremony; The fourth links the custom of soul-sending with migration story, and discuss theirs relation at the same time; The fifth aims at drawing a brief conclusion on what we have had said.The author suggests that the investigation and research on the Soul-sending should be associated with the history of Tibetan-Burmese groups and the progression of their languages. Also, Soul-sending shouldn’t be regarded as the unique custom of a certain group but a popular phenomenon in the Southwest China. Undoubtedly, such a thread would play an active role in our study about the history and culture of these groups.更多还原