【作者】 孙宝安；

【导师】 潘显一；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 中国哲学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 如果说,人生哲学是对人生切要问题的智慧反思,则人之生死问题就是其中之核心。对生死问题的反思,所获得的是对生命存在意义的本真彻悟。 在先秦诸子的生死观中,以庄子之论最为丰富和具有深度。通过对诸子百家、尤其是老子的生死观的批判和吸收,庄子的生死观在“谬悠之说,荒唐之言”(《庄子·天下》)的表象下,形成了一种具有系统性的生死哲学。庄子生死哲学的最高范畴是“道”或“自然”,其内容涵盖了生死本体观、生死价值观和生死价值践履三个方面。 从《庄子·内篇》看,在生死本体观方面,庄子分别从道命二重观角度揭示了生死的本体意义。首先,庄子以“道”的运化解释生死的根源、本质,视生死转变为本质齐同的“自然”“物化”。其次,针对个体生命的生死,庄子又以“命定”观解说之。在生死价值观方面,庄子提出了法“自然”的生死价值标准。庄子认为,生死是“自然”之变,人们对待生死的应有态度是法“自然”。法”自然”即在肉体生存方面追求“全生尽年”,在精神生存方面追求“逍遥无待”。法“自然”价值追求的目标是:在人与“自然”的贯通中实现生命的本然价值。 在生死价值实践方面,为了实现对“全生尽年”和“逍遥无待”的追求,庄子提出了“心斋”、“坐忘”、“朝彻见独”等生死价值工夫践履,实现了本体观和工夫论的合一。庄子这种“自然”人性的生死价值践履对今天人们战胜生死忧患,获得心态“自然”的健康生活有无可替代的重要作用。 本文的目的就在于对庄子的生死观进行哲学反思,祈求在不断深入的反思中把握并显现出庄子生死观的多层涵义,获得对生死问题的本真把握。本文第更多还原

【Abstract】 If we affirm View of Life is a wise thinking about key problem of our life, then the problem of Life and Death is the kernel of it.By contemplate deeply on the problem Life and Death , we can obtain some genuine awake to life existence .Compare to others , the works of Zhuangzi’s show the most abundant and the most recondite discussion about the problem Life and Death. By means of criticizing and assimilating the view’s of Laozi’s and other philosophy’s,Zhuangzi established a Life and Death Philosophy which had systematic form and fantastic appearance.The highest category of this philosophy is Dao or Nature,and the content of this philosophy contains the viewpoint about ontology ,values and practice of Life and Death.As for the ontology of Life and Death ,zhuangzi first interpreted the source and essence of Life and Death in motion of "Dao" ; it is say that life to death or death to life all are the revolves of matter species which have same essences; go a step further ,he believed that the rotation of Life and Death was a regular process determined by fate. Then, as for the viewpoint about Values of Life and Death ,zhuangzi raised a criterion that was "follow the example of nature". What "follow the example of nature" means is holding a long life and a free and unfettered idea.. Of the total, zhuangzi thought that the aim of "hold a long life and a free andunfettered idea " was to mix together with nature ,so people could get their pure Value of Life.With utilize Life and Death value to daily life,zhuangzi put forward a series patterns, those were "peace and quiet your heart ", "sit down and oblivious of your body",and "get into the unique". We should admit that zhuangzi’s those experiment which pure our human nature has important affect in our life,by which we can triumph over the worry about Life and Death and gain a healthy life accompany with natural state of mind.I want to have get a deep thinking of zhuangzi’s Life and Death viewpoint and deliberate the complex meaning of zhuangzi’s Life and Death viewpoint in my heart of hearts.In brief, this article consists of three chapters and a epilogue.The first chapter expounds the fountainhead of zhuangzi’s Life and Death idea.The second chapter interprets zhuangzi’s ontology viewpoint of Life and Death . This chapter gains such a creed that the fundamental category of zhuangzi’s ontology viewpoint of Life and Death is "Dao".Go a step further ,the ontology meaning of zhuangzi’s Life and Death viewpoint can be explained by some concepts such as " equality","fate", "matter rotation" or a ultimate summary : the change of nature. The third chapter discusses zhuangzi’s viewpoint of the Value of Life and Death, as comparied with Confucianism, the third chapter point out that zhuangzi’s viewpoint of the Value of Life and Death has get such a feature :hold out life-span by natural law,and overstep the worry about Life and Death,then achieve the entire freely life ,and accomplish the ultimate aim of the value of Life . Last, The epilogue of this article expound the modern enlightenment of the "follow nature" attitude of zhuangzi’s Life and Death viewpoint.更多还原