【作者】 童小畅；

【导师】 阎嘉；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 文艺学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 美学家在世界不断裂变的形势中,以批判作为对人类生存意义守护的方式。但是当代资本主义的存在样态发生了极大的变化,在这种情况下,如果美学仍然坚持原来的存在形式,那么它已经僵化并失去了批判的力量。当代美学必须同自己的批判对象一样,超越学科的边界,将自身的精神实质融解到对当代社会现象的分析和批判当中。鲍德里亚紧紧扣住了当代社会的精神实质和内在运转机制——消费。他所界定的“消费”具有两个明显特征:1、消费对符号的占有;2、消费是一个主动的扩张结构。 当代的符号化消费关系表象是审美化的:物在传统中所带有的意识形态意义已经被解放了的功能所取代;玻璃的透明造就了距离;当代的工具也使人成为旁观者。当代人依靠以“古物”为代表的非功能性系统,体现了对于起源的占有和对真确性的执迷,并以此消灭了历史感。技术完美的神话则是对技术发展的无目的渴望。 鲍德里亚的思想批判了近代美学的一系列概念。他认为:当代的自由实际上是人与物的相互操控关系,是人的自由幻觉;个性是消费系统中批量生产的产物,是一种自恋性的投射,一种虚幻的自我安慰和满足;审美距离则造成了当代人的孤独,这使得关切和身份认同成为消费的重要动力;自然已经变成自然性,成为对立于真正自然的可消费的文化符号;文艺复兴以来的艺术和艺术品逐渐由模仿转为表现再转为符号。作为精神的容器与载体,身体为作为一个异己的对象,是一种需要经营和操持的资本;在大众媒体条件之下,形象的无限扩张将使人沉浸在这种对于形象本身的追求当中,也就是审美活动的无限扩更多还原

【Abstract】 In the metamorphic world, the estheticians use critic as the quomodo for guarding the meaning of human. But appearance of modern capitalism has greatly changed. In such situation, if esthetics insists to its form, it would lose its energy of critic. Modern esthetics must span its border as its objects and melt its essential into the analysis and critics to modern social phenomenons. Baudrillard caught theessential and internal mechanism of modern social------consumption. There are twocharacters of his definition to consumption: 1) consumption is occupancy to signs; 2) consumption is a motive and outstretched construction.The appearance of the modern symbolized consumption is aesthetic: the ideological meaning of objects in tradition has been replaced by liberated function. The glass and transparency make distance. Modern tools make human be spectator. Modern human use disfunctional system, which represented by antiques, to embody the occupancy of origin and the obduracy of certainty, and perish the sense of history by this way. The perfection of techniques is the desire of development without a certain aim.The theory of Baudrillard has criticized a series of aesthetic categories. In his opinion: freedom in modern society is a kind of inter-control relationship between human and objects, that is an illusion of freedom; personality is the outcome of thebatch production of consumer system; it is a kind of self-shoot, a shadowy self-comfort and satisfaction; the aesthetic distance formed the lonely state of modern human, this makes favor and identity be important motivity of consumption; nature here has been changed to naturety, it is a consumable symbol opposes to real nature; art and artworks gradually turns into sign; as the container and carrier of spirit, body has been changed to a separate object, a kind of capital that needs to be managed and operated; the inimitably expansion of image in mass media make human immerse in the aspiration of itself, which makes human fowardly go into the matrix of consumption.Abundant objects and information are accumulated in supermarkets and mass media, which give people an image of rich. At the same time, commodity appears in series to rise people’s desire. The difference between kinds of commodity has gradually been erased, replacing the utility as object. That is the explicit controllable mechanism of consumption.As the deconstruction of Utopia, Baudrillard thought political economics cannot discover the real situation of modern consumer society. So he expand the political economics which just care for exchange value and use value to sign value area, while considering symbolic exchange to be the new Utopia idea. But he quickly went a more floating theory: the death of truth, value and history.更多还原