【作者】 祝小丁；

【导师】 林必果；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 在美国当代文学史上,与同时期文坛上崛起的塞林格,贝娄,厄普代克等小说家相比,约翰·契弗的地位要逊色一些。这是因为契弗最初创作的重心是在短篇小说上,而他的大部分短篇小说又都是发表在《纽约人》这本被人看作是以娱乐为主的杂志上。同时评论家也把研究的重点放到他的短篇小说集上,称他为“美国郊区的契诃夫”。然而,他的五部获奖的长篇小说却一再受到冷落,很少有人结合理论及契弗本人的经历来分析它们,目前有的也基本上是简单的介绍。本文拟主要参照以西格蒙·弗洛伊德为代表的精神分析理论并参考布莱希特的陌生化理论,再结合契弗本人一生与其父母,哥哥,妻子的关系及自身酗酒,吸毒和双性恋的倾向等生活经历,从精神和心理分析的角度对他的两部长篇小说《瓦普肖家的编年史》(The Wapshot Chronicle,1957)和《法康纳监狱》(Falconer,1977)进行分析,着重阐述契弗的个人经历是如何清晰地反映在这二本小说中的。同时结合这两本小说创作的大的时代背景,进一步分析指出契弗这两部长篇小说创作的深刻社会意义及其深邃的主题。本文共分五部分。 引言部分介绍文章的写作目的,提出全文所要分析的内容并为全文结构初步构建框架。 第一章简介契弗的生平中与本文写作有关的内容及这两部小说创作的社会和时代背景和创作缘由,并分别简介小说内容,为后面文章的进一步发展奠定基础。 第二章将分析《瓦普肖家的编年史》,结合精神分析理论和陌生化理论指出在这本小说中,契弗为主人公设计了一个与自己极其相似的家庭环境,生活经历,并通过此来表达个人感受和对生活的感悟和体会。他的小说是对他实际生活现实的理性回归和升华。他的小说深刻地反映了弗氏理论中对文学作品与作家关系的观点。同时,在他的这部长篇小说中还反映出他对现代人生存状况更多还原

【Abstract】 In the history of contemporary American literature, John Cheever is not prominent and famous compared with such writers as J.D. Salinger, Saul Bellow and John Updike. Because Cheever paid more attention to the writing of short stories at the beginning of his literary life and most of them were published mainly in New Yorker magazine that is regarded as a recreational one. So, critics put the focus of their research on his collections of short stories, calling him "the American Chekhov". However, his five novels were almost neglected; few of critics have attempted to analyze them by relating to theories and Cheever’s personal experiences. The ones we have at present are only brief introductions. Therefore, the author will try to analyze his two novels The Wapshot Chronicle (1957) and Falconer (1977) by consulting mainly the psychoanalytical theory represented by Freud, Brecht’s theory of estrangement and Cheever’s relationship with his parents, brother and wife, so as to explain how Cheever’s life experiences are reflected clearly in the two novels. Also, the thesis will point out the profound social significance and theme of the novels on the basis of their creative background. The thesis is divided into five parts.The introduction demonstrates the purpose of this thesis and tries to establish a general framework for it.Chapter One presents a brief introduction to the life of Cheever related to thesis, the contents and the creative background of the novels, thus laying foundation for the further development of the thesis.Chapter Two provides a detailed analysis of The Wapshot Chronicle from the angle of psychoanalysis and theory of estrangement, pointing out in the novel,Cheever designs family background and life experiences similar to his own and he hopes to express personal feelings and perceptions on life. Actually, his novel is the rational sublimation for his real life and shows deeply the relationship between author and literary works according to Freud’s opinion. Also, this novel shows his concern for the survival of modern human beings; although they are banished from the paradise, they can still reconstruct it and be saved with the help of love.Chapter Three deals with Falconer and illustrates how the protagonist’s life highly resembles that of Cheever’s by the combination of Freud’s ideas and theory of estrangement. At the same time, this chapter gives a brief comment on the theme and social meaning of the novel to expose the protagonist’s process from crime to final rebirth. The publication of it after Cheever’s resurrection demonstrates his profound understanding on the relationship among crime, punishment and redemption and his firm conviction of human being’s possibility of getting rid of desire and the meaninglessness of modern life.The conclusion summarizes Cheever’s experiences as a man and his literary creations as a novelist. His novels are deeply influenced by his personal life and are the minor of his repressed wishes, which exactly proves Freud’s theory: the biography of author is closely related with his/her literary creations. Besides, this part analyzes whether his two novels are the simple combination of short stories. As a contemporary writer, Cheever makes great achievements both in the field of short story and novel.更多还原