WTO背景下的中国司法改革

【作者】 王珏；

【导师】 尹春丽；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 法律， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 中国加入WTO,是发展社会主义市场经济的必然选择,也是促进对外开放和对内改革的伟大决策。入世对中国产生的直接影响将是法律的重新构建,而其中最迫切的问题就是我国司法制度改革要与国际接轨。处在这一过程中的中国司法改革,势必要反映全球市场经济体制的司法需求,体现全球司法文明发展的共通性因素,对固有的司法理念与司法机制进行现代化的革新与改造,以期适应迅速变动中的全球经济、社会与法律环境。本文通过分析WTO规则及WTO蕴涵的现代司法理念,找出我国传统司法观念及现行司法制度与WTO要求之间存在的差距,进而从制度和理念上提出了我国司法改革的相应措施。在本文的语境上,作者仅将司法改革限于在法院改革的范畴之内,并不包括检察制度改革等别的内容。 司法改革需要司法理念的变革作为先导,否则司法改革将会因为自身的随意性而不得不经常停下来做制度上的修补。处于不同发展阶段的社会有着不同的司法理念,司法理念自身也是处于不断的发展完善之中,以适应同样处于不断发展中的经济基础和上层建筑的要求。入世把中国推入了经济全球化的“游戏规则”之中,只有及时更新司法观念,树立司法公正、公开、独立、平等、高效等WTO蕴涵的现代司法理念,才能顺应并符合现代市场经济的规律和要求,为新的经济发展模式提供有力的司法保障。 WTO规则所提出的一系列新要求,对我国正在进行的司法改革而言,既是一种挑战,同时更是一种机遇。WTO中与司法有关的规则主要有司法独立规则、透明度规则、法制统一规则、争端解决规则、司法审查规则和同一解释规则。这些规则对司法的独立性和权威性、司法程序、司法解释制度和裁判文书以及法院审判水平和法官素质都提出了一定的要求。 反观当前我国的司法改革,在司法理念上还受到法律虚无主义司法观、政治工具主义司法观和程序工具主义司法观等落后的司法观念的影响。当前我国的司法制度与WTO规则的要求还有一定的差距。主要表现在:司法独立性不强;司法的权威性有待进一步建立与巩固;司法解释制度尚不规范;司法审查的范更多还原

【Abstract】 The entry into the WTO is not only an inevitable choice for developing socialism market economy, but also a great decision for promoting the opening and reforming policy. The entry into the WTO has direct influence on the rebuilding of law, among which, the most urgent problem is that our judicial reform should be connected with internationalism. During this process, the judicial reform in China should be bound to reveal the judicial need of global system of market economy, embodying the general factors of global judicial civilization development. Therefore, we should make modern innovation and reform for those intrinsic judicial ideas and judicial system, adapting to the global economic, social and legal environment. This article has found out the disparities between our traditional judicial ideas and present judicial system and the requirement of the WTO by analyzing the rules and modern judicial ideas of the WTO. Futhermore,the author has proposed the corresponding measures of the judicial reform of our country on the basis of the system and ideas. On the linguistic context of this text, the author carefully limits the judicial reform in the scope of the reform of court of justice, not including the reform of the system of the procurators or the other things.Legal reform should take the innovation of judicial ideas as a guide, otherwise the judicial reform has to make systematical remedy occasionally because of its own causality. Judicial ideas vary in different social stages. And they are also in a certain condition of developing and perfecting continually, so as to adapt to the needs of the changing economic bases and superstructure. The entry into the WTO pushes China into the "Game rules " of economic globalization. In order to conform to the rules and needs of modern market economy and provide a powerful protection for the new model of economic development, the only thing we can do is to update the judicial concepts, establishing the judicial ideas such as impartial, opening, independence, equality and efficiency.Giving a general look at the series of new demand of the doctrines, it is both achallenge and a chance for our judicial reform. The doctrines related to judicature are mainly the doctrines of judicial independence, the doctrine of judicial transparency, the doctrine of unified legal system, the doctrine of dispute settlement, the doctrine of judicial review, the doctrine of consistent interpretation in the WTO. These rules have put forward certain requirements in the independence and authority to the administration of justice, judicial process, judicial interpretation system and judgment documents.Reviewing the present judicial reform of our county, we can realize that because of the influence of the out-of-date judicial views of legal nihilism, political tool doctrine, and procedure tool doctrine, nowadays, there are gaps between our judicial system and the doctrines of the WTO, which manifested is that the judicial independence is not powerful, that the judicial authority is need to establish and consolidate further, that the system of judicial interpretation still does not conform to standard, that the scope of judicial inspection is too narrow, that the judicial transparence need to be enhanced further, and that the degree of specialization of the judges is relatively low.Therefore, we should use the chance of the entry, adapting to the tendency of globalization, according to the basic law of modern market economy system and the need of the WTO, changing our judicial ideas, choosing and rebuilding the judicial system, and promoting our judicial reform positively, abiding by the political principle, the legal principle, especially from the angle of strengthening the judicial independence, establishing the judicial authority, strengthening the judicial consistency, enhancing the judicial transparence, perfecting the system of judicial inspection and strengthening the professional construction of the judges.更多还原