【作者】 刘孝梅；

【导师】 洪增流；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 《荒原》,现代主义的经典之作,发表于1922。由于诗作本身缺乏连贯的主题,各种意象、场景、声音充斥其中,并且缺乏一定的转承、连接,使得《荒原》在结构上具有开放性,从而批评家和读者可以从不同的角度对它进行多重阐释。但人们较多地从社会历史出发,认为《荒原》反映了一战对人类精神生活的毁灭,反映了一代人的幻灭和西方文明的衰败,人们只是在诗的结尾,看见有一点希望的迹象。也有评论从艾略特的个人生活出发,认为诗歌表现了艾略特个人的精神荒原。总的来说,人们过于关注诗歌中所体现的死亡主题,对于贯穿诗歌始终的重生与希望没有给予足够的重视。不同于以往对《荒原》的评论,本文将侧重点放在诗歌中所体现出的希望和复活的意识上。本文认为,尽管诗歌中充满着绝望与死亡气息的画面,但是贯穿诗歌始终,尤其是诗歌最关键的第五章所表现出的那种死亡后的重生,绝望后的希望才是全诗的主旨所在。本文着重从诗歌里面的神话框架,意象和声音三个方面阐述主题。如前所述,《荒原》一诗充斥着各种意象、场景和声音,并且缺乏明显的连接,往往给读者造成理解上的困难,相信本文将有助于更好理解诗歌中那些混乱交错的各种意象、场景、人物和声音。 全文共分为五章:第一章简要介绍了《荒原》的诗歌特点及人们对《荒原》主旨的不同理解。指出这些评论的共同点是过多关注诗歌中的死亡主题,从而认为《荒原》表达了现代文明的衰败和人类精神世界的毁灭。最后提出了本文的观点:《荒原》所传递的主旨意义是死亡后的重生,绝望后的希望。第二章从诗歌贯穿始终的宗教和神话故事角度分析。作为诗歌的隐形或内在结构,这些宗教和神话故事,无论是耶稣的死而复生,还是繁殖神话或渔王传说本身都暗示着从死亡走向复生的主题。第三章详细分析了诗歌中的意象,尤其是贯穿诗歌始终的动物意象及水火意象。这些动物意象在诗歌的前三部分都体现了死亡和绝望的气息,但在后两部分,却充满了希望和复活的意蕴。而水火的意象本身就包含着生与死的两重性,内含着复活的内在张力,隐喻了诗歌的主题。第四章着重分析了诗歌中的各种声音,尤其是人物的声音,这些声音由一开始的芜杂、绝望最终统一在雷霆的充满希望和预言的声音中,暗示了《荒原》的主更多还原

【Abstract】 The Waste Land, one of the representative works of modernism, was composed by T. S. Eliot in 1921-1922. Its open structure, along with the abundant images, scenes and voices mutating with each other makes it particularly open to different interpretations. On its first appearance in the Criterion, it aroused controversial comments. Some welcomed it as the model of modernism, which reflects the subtlety of modern art and the complexity of modern world. Some denied it as a great disaster because it is full of "pompous parade of erudition" and lack of thematic clarity. As for the theme of the poem, there are various interpretations and people’ s interpretation of its theme will not cease today. Some interpret the poem as "the manifesto of the lost generation" and it reveals "the spiritual crisis of postwar Europe" . Some interpret from the poet’ s personal life and regard the poem as "essentially the landscape of an inward desolation" . A general survey shows that people attach too much importance to the "death" motif in the poem rather than to the regeneration and hope which run through the poem and deserve to be considered. Different from other papers on The Waste Land, this dissertation will mainly focus on the regeneration and hope expressed in the poem from the perspective of Eliot’ s own critical theory—new criticism. The Waste Land, noted for its apparent refusal of connections between images, scenes and voices, usually brings obstacles to readers’ comprehension. I believe my thesis will be helpful to get a deep insight into the images, characters and voices that confusingly mutate into each other in the poem.The thesis is divided into five chapters. Chapter One gives a general introduction to The Waste Land and critics’ different interpretations of its theme and then states my viewpoint. In Chapter Two, regenerationout of death is strongly implied through the religious and mythical stories embedded in the poem. In Chapter Three, the imagery, especially the images of animal and the dual symbolic images of water and fire, displays profound hope and regeneration out of the desperate land. In Chapter Four, regeneration is laid out when disordered and desperate voices merge into the united and hopeful voice of the thunder. Chapter Five is a conclusion reinforcing my viewpoint.Death atmosphere pervades the whole poem, but it is not the only essence of the poem. Underneath the dead and desperate waste land bear hope and regeneration. But Eliot’ s regeneration is bound with religion. The road he pointed out for modern man is an observation of religious doctrines.更多还原