保险代位法律制度研究

【作者】 何政泉；

【导师】 赵万一；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 民商法学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 保险代位是保险法中一项重要制度,它有着深厚的理论基础和现实基础,为各国立法所肯定。近年来,有学者主张废除或削弱保险代位,但就目前的法律理念和社会条件而言,保险代位不但不应削弱,反应得到强化。对保险代位作深入研究,不仅是本文的写作初衷,也具有重要的现实意义。 文章除引言和结语外,共分五个部分。 第一部分:保险代位法律制度概述。文章首先为保险代位正名,指出保险代位是保险人享有的、代位行使被保险人对造成保险标的损害而负有民事责任的第三人的求偿权或取得被保险人对保险标的残余物的所有权的一种权利,它应包括权利代位和物上代位两层含义;然后分析了保险代位的构成要件,从主体、客体和内容三个方面探讨了保险代位法律关系,指出保险代位的本质是一方面防止被保险人获得不当得利,另一方面保障被保险人获得充分补偿;阐述了保险代位的法定性、补偿性、从属性、实体性和程序性的兼容性等特征;最后指出保险代位具有保障被保险人获得补偿、防止道德风险、避免加害人免除责任、保护全社会被保险人的利益以及减低保险人的保险给付负担等五大功能。 第二部分:保险代位的理论基础。保险代位作为一项法律制度,有其深刻的理论基础。文章从法理学、民法学和保险法学三个方面阐释了这一问题。首先,保险代位是对法的公平与效益价值的追求。文章从公平与效益价值的含义入手,认为保险代位既体现了公平又彰显了效益。其次,保险代位是对民事代位的引入。文章对“保险代位的民法基础是不真正连带债务”提出质疑,指出保险代位是民法代位制度在保险领域的运用和体现。最后,保险代位是对损失补偿原则的贯彻。损失补偿有三层含义:及时补偿、对等补偿、无惩罚性。保险代位体现了损失补偿原则的要求,并根据损失补偿原则的要求,文中还对保险代位在意外伤害保险和健康保险是否适用作了讨论。 第三部分:保险代位的行使。本部分共讨论了五个问题。第一,行使名义。目前关于保险代位的行使名义有三种看法。文章赞同以保险人自己名义行使代位权的观点,并提出了自己的理由。第二,行使对象。文章对第三人是否有限制作了思考,并对“家庭成员或其他组成人员”的界定作了分析;然后分别就法人可否成为追偿的对象、保险人可否就投保人追偿更多还原

【Abstract】 The insurance subrogation is an important rule of insurance law. It has a profound theoretical and practical foundation and is affirmed by every country. Recently, some scholars held that the right should be abolished But in the author’s eyes, it should be reinforced as to current legal and social conditions. To study the insurance subrogation is the paper’s goal and also has an important practical value.This paper is divided into five parts except for preface and conclusion.Part one: the generalization of the insurance subrogation. The paper points that the insurance subrogation should comprise two part: the right of subrogation and the jus ad rem of subrogation; then, the paper analyzes its constitutive requirements, legal relation, essence, characters and its functions.Part two: The theoretical basis of the insurance subrogation. As a legal rule, the insurance subrogation has its profound basic theory. The paper expounds this issue from the jurisprudence, the science of civil law and the science of insurance law. At first, it is the pursuit of the values of justice and effectiveness. The paper analyses the meaning of justice and effectiveness and holds that it embodies justice and effectiveness. Secondly, it comes from the civil subrogation. The paper criticizes the view that "the nonstandard joint and several obligation is the civil basis of it" and points that it is the application of the civil subrogation. Finally, it is the embodiment of indemnity principle.Part three: The performing of the insurance subrogation. Five issues are mentioned in this part. The first, the name of performing, there are three views about this issue currently. The paper agrees on the view that the insurer should perform the right on his own name. The second, the object of performing. The third person is the object of performing, but not include family members. The paper gives reasons that exclude those special persons from the third person and concrete criterions on how to define those persons. The third, the way of performing. The paper analyses the status of the insurer in the subrogation lawsuit and discusses what prescription should be abode by and when the prescription should begin. The fourth, the conditions of performing. The paper differentiates the constitutive requirements and the conditions of performing and points that thereare two conditions: one is that insurance compensation has been given and the other is that it is defined by the given insurance compensation. The fifth, the effect of performing. The paper holds that the performance will effect the third person and the insurantPart four The abandonment of the insurance subrogation. The paper analyses the four reasons of the abandonment of it Then it introduces some opinions about the issue and point that it should be viewed by dividing the problem that the insurer abandons the procedure or the substance of the subrogation.Part five: The legal protection of insurance subrogation. The paper analyses the duties of assistance and preservation for the insurant, then discusses the legal treatment because of the insurant’s wrong. For the obligation of the duties of assistance, the insurer may subtract insurance compensation; for the obligation of the duties of preservation, the effect is affected by the time that the insurant abandons the right of claimant to the third person.更多还原