【作者】 王新安；

【导师】 贾志宽； 廖允成；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业推广， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 干旱缺水是个世界性问题,水资源短缺已经严重危及农业可持续发展能力,这在我国北方旱区表现的尤为突出。山西是我国旱地农业的主要实施区域之一,旱地面积站全省耕地的70%以上,旱农地区人口约占全省总人口的1/3,是全国较集中连片的贫困地区之一。对此依托现代科技进步,发展节水型农业,提高有限水分的利用率和利用效率,则成为山西旱地农业可持续发展的基础。 本研究以小麦、玉米、棉花为参试作物,将地膜覆盖与节水技术有机结合,以山西旱区气候、土壤、水资源、现有节水技术为材料开展研究工作,结合当地自然生态条件,在分析改进的基础上,组建具有山西特色的旱作节水农业技术并进行示范推广,最后对山西旱作节水农业的发展提出若干建议。研究结果表明: 1.旱地面积大、水资源缺乏是山西省旱地农业可持续发展面临的主要问题。研究结果认为,山西旱地农业必须走传统蓄水农业与现代节水技术相结合的道路,才能从根本上解决旱地产量低而不稳、效益低的实际问题。 2.小麦、棉花、玉米作为山西旱区的主要作物,采用节水技术可明显提高产量。冬小麦不同生育时期,一次不同补偿供水量产量大幅度增加,水分利用效率提高,水分补偿供水效应明显;地膜玉米不同生育时期,不同集雨贮水有限补充灌溉具有明显的产量和水分利用效果;旱地棉花采用稀穴密株局部穴精灌种植技术,可与田间集雨设施配套,充分利用田间径流,不仅能提高雨水利用率,而且能有效增加产量。 3.山西省60年的降水资料分析结果表明,降水主要集中在夏秋两季,6-9月的降水占全年降水量的60%以上。这种气候条件在田间坡地易产生径流,适宜于发展集雨农业。也是从根本上解决旱地水源的主要途径。 上述研究结果,对知道山西旱地农业的可持续发展具有较大的现实意义和应用推广价值,对于条件类似的其它地区也有一定的借鉴价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water shortage and drought is a worldwide problem. The shortage of water resources has severely damaged the ability for sustainable agricultural development. The problem is more obvious in the dryland for dryland agricultural production. The dryland area amounts to over 70% of the total arable land and the population living the dryland area takes 1/3 of the total population of the whole province. To rely on the modern science and technology to develop water saving agriculture and to increase the utilization rate of the limited water resources, it will be the bases for sustainable dryland agriculture development in Shanxi province.The study used wheat, maize and cotton as the trial crops. Meanwhile combine the covering of plastic mulch with water saving technology. By adopting the climate, soil, water resources and the existing water saving technology in the dryland area as the material for the study. Based on the local environment, to conduct demonstration and extention and to make suggestions for the development of dryland water saving agriculture. The result showed as follows:1. The main problem for dryland agiculture development in Shanxi is the shortage of water resources and the large area of dryland. By taking the road of combining traditional sluice agriculture with modern water saving technology, we can solve the problem of low productivity and low benefit in Shanxi province.2. As the primary crops in rainfed area such as wheat, cotton and maize, by adopting water saving technology, the yield will be increased obviously. Based on the deferent growing period, to provide defiant water irrigation technology and water amount, it will increase the utilization rate of water resources and the production.3. Shaixi province sixty years precipitation data results proved mostly focus on summer and autumn. Rainfall is up to 90% of whole years in June to September. This kind of climate is apt to produce runoff on sloping field, which is feasible to develop rain harvesting agriculture. It is also a primary approach to resolve water shortage.The above study has great significance and extension value for the guidance of sustainable dryland agriculture development in Shanxi province as well as for the other similar areas.更多还原