【作者】 居水木；

【导师】 侯军岐；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 农村公共物品对于农村社会的发展起着重要的推动作用,完善的农村公共物品供给体系可以有效地节约投入和交易成本,提高农村经济的运行效率。改革开放以来,我国农村公共物品的供给虽然取得了较大的成绩,但由于诸多方面的原因,目前农村公共物品供给的效果和状况与我们的期望仍有很大的差距。农村交通、水利、电力等基础设施类公共物品供给的短缺已经成为制约广大农村地区经济快速增长的主要因素。而一个地区如果能有效地解决农村公共物品的短缺问题,当地的农村经济发展水平就能以较快的速度增长,这一点已经在中国沿海地区农村经济发展中得到证明。所以要有效地促进农村地区经济的快速增长,就必须解决好农村公共物品的供给问题。要解决好农村公共物品的供给问题,就必须从根本入手,打破以往农村公共物品供给的格局,建立新的农村公共物品供给模式。建立新的农村公共物品供给模式的目的不仅在于提高农村公共物品供给的质量和效率,而且不能违背国家建立小康社会与和谐社会的方针、政策。这就要求我们必须兼顾农村社会两个文明的建设。具体来说,就是要在提高农村公共物品供给质量和效率的同时减轻农民负担、提高农民收入、注重农民精神文化水平的提高。论文以上述目标为基础,对我国农村公共物品的供给模式进行了较为深入的研究。首先,对农村公共物品的基本理论进行了阐述。其中着重论述了农村公共物品的性质和供给。由于农村公共物品非排他性和非竞争性的特点,导致了农村公共物品供给“市场失灵”和消费的“搭便车”现象。由于上述两个特点的存在,传统的供给理论认为,农村公共物品只能由政府提供,市场和私人供给不可能达到最优配置。然而,随着市场经济的发展和某些公共物品性质的改变,一些经济学家在理论上对市场和私人供给的可能性进行了深入的研究,认为在一定的条件下市场和私人提供农村公共物品是可能的,而且这种可能性在现实中也得到了验证;其次,对我国农村公共物品供给的现状进行了阐述。通过查阅各种资料,作者认为,目前我国农村公共物品的供给存在着严重的不足,而造成这种不足的原因有以下几个方面:①供需矛盾,即农民急需的生产性公共物品供给不足,与“政绩”和“利益”挂钩的非生产性公共物品供给过剩;②政府公共选择存在偏好,公共物品实行城乡二元分割的供给体制;③各级政府与村民组织之间权限不清,造成供给主体单一,农民成了公共物品的主要供给者;④农村公共物品的供给缺乏有效的监督和管理机制,使得公共资金滥用严重,供给效率非常低下。正是由于这些原因的存在,导致了农村公共物品供给的严重不足,给农业生产、农民生活、农民消费等水平的提高造成了很大的影响;再次,对我国农村公共物品的供给模式进行了选择。作者认为,农村公共物品的供给主体和产权对农村公共物品的供给模式有着很大的影响,因此,更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural public goods play an important push role to the development of the rural society, perfect rural public goods supply system can economize investing and transaction cost effectively, and improves the operational efficiency of the rural economy. After Reforming and Opening, although the supply of rural public goods gained prodigious achievement, because of many reasons, the situation and effect has prodigious gap with our expectation now. The lack of basic establishments (the traffic, water conservancy, electric power e.g.) has become the mostly fact that restricts fast increasing of rural economy. If one area can effectively resolve the problem, the rural economy of the area can increase quickly, which has been validated in Chinese inshore area. We must resolve the problem of rural public goods supply, if we want to improve rural economy effect. We ought to get the root, if we want to resolve the supply problem, and break the former supply situation, then establish new supply model. The objective setting up new supply pattern of rural public goods not only improve supply quality and efficiency, but also can’t violate the policy that establishes well-off society and harmonious society. This will require us to give consideration to the construction of the rural social material civilization and cultural and ideological progress at once. Concretely, lighten peasant’s burden, improve peasant’s income, and pay attention to the improvement of peasant’s spiritual educational level while improving rural public articles and supplying the quality and efficiency. The thesis is based on above-mentioned goals, have carried on comparatively deep studying to the supply mode of rural public articles in our country. First of all, we have explained the basic theories of rural public articles. Among them has described the nature and supply of rural public articles emphatically. Because of rural public good’s non-exclusive and non-competitive characteristic, causing rural public goods to supply with the phenomenon that is “the market does not work”and “the costumed hitchhiking”. Because of above two characteristic, the traditional supply theory thinking, only governments can supply rural public goods, the supply of market and private can’t achieve optimizing station. However, with market economy developing and characteristic changing of public goods, some economist lucubrate the feasibility of market and private supply in theory, they think it is conceivable that market and private supply rural public goods in certain conditions, and the feasibility has been validated in practice; secondly, expatiated the supply situation of rural public goods. The writer thinks, via referring lots of datum, the supply of rural public goods is lack badly now, and the reasons of the situation are following: ①the contradiction between supply and need, that is the goods that farmer needs are lack, but the goods that show “achievements”and “benefit”are superfluous; ②there is predilection in government’s public choice, public goods implement the supply two different system in urban and rural areas; ③the purview between governments and farmer organization is not clear, which caused the main body of supply are single, farmer is the actual main body; ④the supply lacks effective management and supervising, which leads to public capital is wasted badly and supply efficient is low. Because of above reasons, the supply of rural public goods is lack badly, and influences improvement of agriculture product, farmer life, and rural consume e.g.; thirdly, chose supply model of rural public goods. The writer thinks that the main body and property right of public goods seriously influence the supply of rural public goods, so, before choosing model, we utilized Analytical Hierarchy Process to analyze from the importance to each supply with the subject in supplying the mode with of subjective and objective angle that combined together, on this condition property right of different public goods we chose three supply models, they are: ①state public-operated model; ②state private-operated model; ③private private-operated model with government control, then analyzed their feasibility; finally, have put forward and realized rural public articles are supplied with the countermeasure of the mode. There into, main effective to three kinds of modes way and problems faced that operate carry on the discussion and analysis, expect they can serve for improving rural public articles and supplying with the efficiency and quality and alleviating peasant’s burden better.更多还原