【作者】 蒋颖；

【导师】 张波； 樊志民；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 科学技术史， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 从19 世纪末到20 世纪中叶,湖南形成了以曾国藩为代表的洋务人才、以谭嗣同为代表的维新人才、以黄兴为代表的辛亥革命志士和以毛泽东为代表的新民主主义革命家四个人才群体,他们对中国的近现代进程产生巨大推动作用。21 世纪以来,我国的经济社会发展进入新的历史时期,人才的重要性日益突出,正如胡锦涛同志指出,人才问题是关系党和国家事业发展的关键问题。探索近现代湖南人才群体形成的背景和规律,对于我们今天人才的培养不无裨益。目前,国内对湖南近现代人才群体的研究较为分散,还没有比较系统、全面的研究,因此本研究选择近现代湖南人才群体作为研究对象,以期对发展培养新世纪人才提供历史的借鉴。本文在分析湖南人才群体出现的社会基础的前提下,对近现代以来湖南所形成的四个人才群体进行了全面系统地剖析,并对这些人才群体呈现的总体特征进行简要论述。湖南人才群体的形成有着一定的社会基础,深厚的历史人文积淀,卓励敢死、百折不挠的民风,近现代有利的时势背景是它最基本的三个方面。本研究首先对这三个方面进行了深入具体的分析,探讨湖南近现代人才群体兴起的背景。本文根据马克思唯物主义论中人与社会的观点,选取了在湖南乃至全国近现代历史上发挥巨大推动作用的湖南籍人才。并按照时间先后顺序概括为四个人才群体,即湘军历练的人才群体、维新运动成就的人才群体、辛亥革命造就的人才群体和新民主主义革命涌现的人才群体。本文从人才群体的形成原因、结构、特征和巨大历史贡献四个方面分别对近现代湖南人才群体进行了具体系统的剖析。人才群体的形成有着政治、经济、文化教育等方面的深层次原因,所谓时势造英雄,说的就是这个道理。近现代湖南四个人才群体的结构都不是单一的,既包括站在历史主流立场上的英雄人物,也包括其他阵营但同样对历史进程起着积极作用的人才;每个人才群体都有着自己鲜明的特征,不仅被打上了深深的时代烙印,而且也具有阶级属性;最后,人才群体对湖南乃至全中国的历史产生了巨大的推动作用,他们或者领导先进的改革、革命活动,或者思想先进,引领当时的社会思潮。本文再次审视近现代湖南人才群体形成的历史过程以及各个人才群体的概况,总结出近现代湖南人才群体的总体特征,即一是人才的出生地多位于湖南的农业经济发达区域;二是领导核心对人才群体的形成发挥着巨大的聚合作用;三是他们思想先进,引导着社会思潮。对近现代湖南人才群体总体特征的总结,有利于读者系统了解这四个人才群体的全貌和发展趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 From 19Century’s end to 20Century middle period, there has been four talented people communities in Hunan ,such as foreign affairs talented person ,reform talented person, talented person in the Revolution of 1911 and new democracy revolutionary revolutionists ,which have promoted China’s modernization .since 21 century, our country’s economic society has developed into the new historical period, the importance of talented person is more and more prominent, just as Comrade Hu Jintao pointed out that the talented person is the key question which relates with the development of the party and the national enterprise. Research about the background and rule of the talented person community forming is good for bringing up talented person of epoch. At present, there is not systemic and comprehensive study about the Hunan talented person community in near modern, therefore this study chooses the Hunan talented person community in near modern as research subject in order to use for historical reference. This article premised the four talented person communities with the social basis in which the Hunan talented person community forms, and discussed briefly the general characteristic of the talented person community. The formation of Hunan talented person community has the certain social basis, which includes the deep accumulation of historical human culture, the daredevil and diligent folkway and advantageous current situation background .This research analysized firstly on these three aspects and discussed background which the Hunan near modern talented person community emerges. According to the Marx materialism about the human and society’s viewpoint, this article has selected the Hunan nationality talented person which has played the huge impetus role in Hunan and even the national near modern history, and generalized four talented people communities in term of time, namely the Xiang army talented person community, talented person community of the reform movement, the talented human of 1911 Revolution and the talented person community emerging from the New Democratic Revolution. This article analysized concretely the near modern Hunan talented person characteristic and the huge history contribution .The formation of the talented person community’s has deep reasons such as politics, economy, culture and education .the so-called current situation makes the hero, said is this truth. The Hunan four talented people communities’ structures are not sole, which included not only heroes who stand in the historical mainstream standpoints, but also included other talented person who were in other camps and played the positive role to the historic course similarly. Each talented person community has the distinct characteristic, which got the deep time brand mark and the social class attribute. Finally, the talented person community has had promoted Hunan and even the entire China’s history, they leaded advanced reform and the revolutionary activity, or they inducted social ideological trend. This article surveyed the historical process and general situation of each talented person community, and summarized the general characteristics of the near modern Hunan talented person community, namely the birth places of talented person located in the regions that have developed agriculture economy, the core of leadership played the huge polymerization role in formation of the talented person community and their advanced thought guided the social ideological trend. Summary about general characteristic of the near modern Hunan talented person is helpful for the reader to understand systematically the complete picture and the development tendency of the four talented people community.更多还原