【作者】 闵育娜；

【导师】 高玉鹏； 侯水生；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 为了确定生长肉鹅适宜的ME、CP 需要量以及探讨ME、CP 对肉鹅生产性能、胴体性能指标和血液生化指标的影响,本研究选用豁眼鹅为模型进行研究,试验分两个阶段进行:　0～4w:试验选用360 只初生重为(69.22±3.06)g 的商品代豁眼鹅雏鹅,采用5×3二因子等重复设计,日粮ME设10.87、11.37、11.87、12.37 和12.87 MJ/kg五个水平,CP 设15.0%、17.5%和20.0%三个水平,试验共设15 个处理,每处理设6 个重复,每重复4 只试鹅,研究肉鹅能量和蛋白质需要量。结果表明:(1)日粮不同能量水平间日均耗料量差异不显著,但有随能量水平增加而下降的趋势,并受日粮蛋白水平的影响。日粮17.5%和20.0%CP 水平间耗料量差异不显著,但极显著高于15.0%CP 水平(P<0.01);日粮11.87、12.37 和12.87 MJ/kg三个能量水平间雏鹅日均增重差异不显著,但极显著高于低能水平10.87 和11.37 MJ/kg时的日均增重(P<0.01),17.5%和20.0%CP 水平间日均增重差异不显著,但极显著高于低蛋白水平15.0%时的日均增重(P<0.01);三个高能日粮水平极显著低于两个低能水平时的料重比(P<0.01),17.5%和20.0%CP 水平时的的料重比差异不显著,均低于15.0%蛋白水平时的料重比。(2)日粮ME水平极显著影响肉鹅全净膛率和腹脂率(P<0.01);日粮CP 水平极显著影响肉鹅胸肌率和腿肌率;日粮ME和CP 水平及其互作极显著影响肝相对重量;(3)日粮ME水平对试验所测血液生化指标影响不显著(P>0.05);日粮CP 水平对血清中尿酸、总胆固醇和白蛋白的含量有一定的影响,日粮ME和CP 水平之间的互作极显著影响血清白蛋白的含量(P<0.01)。据此认为,0～4w 肉鹅适宜的代谢能和粗蛋白需要量应分别为11.87 MJ/kg和20.0%(或蛋能比为16.85　gCP/MJ). 5～8w:试验选用466 只29 d 重为(1315.25±86.36)g(P>0.05)的商品代豁眼鹅,采用5×4 因子试验设计,日粮ME设9.61、10.45 、11.29 、12.12 和12.96 MJ/kg五个水平,CP 设14.0%、16.0%、18.0%和20.0%四个水平,试验共设20 个处理,每处理设5 个重复,每重复4～5 只试鹅。研究肉鹅能量和蛋白需要量。结果表明:(1)日粮能量和蛋白水平对5～8w 肉鹅日均增重影响不显著(P>0.05),但日粮能量水平极显著影响其日均耗料量和料重比(P<0.01);日粮蛋白水平对日均耗料量的影响不显著(P>0.05),但其极显著影响料重比(P<0.05),日粮代谢能水平为12.12　MJ/kg和粗蛋白为16.0%时可获得理想的生产性能;(2)日粮代谢能和粗蛋白水平对肉鹅全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率影响不显著(P>0.05),但极显著影响5～8w 肉鹅的腹脂率和皮脂率(P<0.01),它们之间存在很强得正相关关系。(3)日粮代谢能和粗蛋白水平对5～8w 肉鹅血液生化指标(尿酸、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、总蛋白和白蛋白)影响不显著(P>0.05)。通过本研究,结合生产实际,对最适宜肉鹅生长的日粮代谢能水平和粗蛋白质需要量建议如下:0～4w 肉鹅代谢能和粗蛋白分别为11.87　MJ/kg 和20.0%(或蛋能比为更多还原

【Abstract】 A two-stage experiment was conducted with Huoyan geese as models in order to determine the feasible requirements of ME and CP on broiler geese and discuss the effects of ME and CP on carcase performance and blood parameters on them. 0～4 weeks:A 5×3 factorial experiment was conducted with 360 one-day-old commercial generation Huoyan geese, which were divided into 15 treatments with 6 replications, each replication comprising 4 birds. Five metabolizable energy levels(10.87,11.37,11.87, 12.37,12.87MJ/kg) and three crude protein levels (15.0%,17.5%,20.0%) were used in growing diets respectively to study the requirements of energy and protein. The result showed that: (1) ME level didn’t effect Average daily feed consumed(ADFC), but it had a downward trend as energy increased, at the same time it was influenced by CP levels significantly, there was no significant difference between ADFC of 17.5% and 20.0% CP levels ,but they were distinctively higher than it of 15.0%(P<0.01).The average daily gain(ADG) of broiler geese differed nonsignificantly among ME levels of 11.87,12.37 and 12.87 MJ/kg, but it was significantly higher than low ME 10.87 and 11.37 MJ/kg(P<0.01),there was no significant difference between CP 17.5% and 20.0% in ADG, but it was higher than 15.0% significantly. Feed gain ratio(F/G) of three high energy levels was less than two low energy levels , F/G of 17.5% and 20.0% was better than 15.0%. (2)Dietary ME levels significantly affect eviscerated carcass weight rate and Abdominal fat rate of broiler geese(P<0.01); Dietary CP levels significantly affect breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate (P<0.01); Dietary ME and CP levels as well as their interaction significantly affect liver relative weight(P<0.01);(3) Dietary ME levels hadn’t affect significant on blood parameters((P>0.05), dietary CP levels have a little effects on contents of Serum Uric acid, Cholesterol and Albumin; Especially their interactions significantly affect Serum Albumin(P<0.01). 5～8 weeks:A 5×4 factorial experiment was conducted with 466 29-day-old commercial generation Huoyan geese, which were divided into 20 treatments with 5 replications, each replication comprising 4～5 birds. Five metabolizable energy levels (9.61,10.45,11.29, 12.12, 12.96 MJ/kg) and three crude protein levels (14.0%, 16.0%, 18.0%,20.0%) were used in growing diets respectively to study the requirements of energy and protein. The result showed that: (1) Dietary ME and CP levels didn’t significantly affect the average daily gain(ADG) of broiler geese(P>0.05),but ME significantly affects Average daily feed consumed(ADFC) and feed gain ratio(F/G) (P<0.01),there was no significant effect on ADFC by CP(P>0.05),but it had significant effects on F/G(P<0.05),ideal growth perforemance could be obtained by ME 12.12 MJ/kg and CP 16.0%. (2)Dietary ME and CP levels didn’t have significant affect on eviscerated carcass weight rate and breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate(P>0.05),but theyaffected abdominal percentage and sebum percentage of broiler geese significantly(P<0.01),a strong front correlation existed among them.(3) Dietary ME and CP levels didn’t affect significantly on blood parameters(P>0.05) including Serum Uric acid ,Cholesterol Triglycerides ,Total Protein and Albumin. Conclusion:Through the experiment and combining produce reality,the suitable requirements of ME and CP on broiler geese were 11.87 MJ/kg and 20.0%(or protein-calorie ratio 16.85 gCP/MJ)for 0～4 weeks,12.12 MJ/kg and 16.0%(or protein-calorie ratio 13.20 gCP/MJ) for 5～8 weeks respectively.更多还原