【作者】 乔晓亮；

【导师】 花蕾；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 西北黄土高原苹果产区是我国新兴的优质苹果产区,是世界上符合苹果生产七项气象指标的最佳优生区之一。其中洛川地处渭北黄土高原,无任何工业污染,是陕西省一个重要的苹果生产基地,这里生产的苹果除了销往国内各省,也出口到泰国、新加坡、马来西亚和澳大利亚等国家,所以对苹果的品质、产量等方面有着很严格的要求。因此,在苹果生产中,所用药剂必须符合无公害要求。这样,就对何时施药、施药次数、施用何种药剂等有一定的要求。　本文的设计思想就是建立一个无公害苹果园主要害虫的监测系统,应用多种监测技术,如在果园悬挂金纹细蛾、棉褐带卷蛾和桃蛀果蛾的性引诱剂,在果园设置黑光灯诱蛾,以及定期在果园进行种群调查等方法,了解掌握苹果园害虫发生种类、发生动态的前提下,针对主要害虫,统计出其发生量,并结合其他相关因素,如气候因子等,研究其发生规律、变化趋势,以预测此种害虫的未来发生趋势及变化动态。从而为整个洛川地区的苹果无公害防治提供一些参考意见,在提高产量的前提下,进一步提高果品质量。　初步研究结果如下:1. 2004 年金纹细蛾在洛川地区的始发期为3 月下旬,发生盛期为7 月-9 月,9 月下旬-10 月上旬为发生末期,越冬代幼虫在10 月中旬化蛹越冬。由于3 月份其越冬代发生比较整齐,且数量较少,所以是防治的最佳时期之一。另外经分析得出田间的湿度与金纹细蛾成虫的发生量呈正相关,影响最大,由此建立的回归方程为y = -34894.111+811.75913x。2. 用黑光灯共诱杀虫量为27744 头,包括昆虫纲8 个目和蛛形纲,黑光灯对苹果主要害虫如黄褐天幕毛虫、金纹细蛾、金龟子、卷叶蛾、蚜虫的诱集量分别为8 头、1330 头、650 头、135 头、474 头;对苹果园主要天敌如草蛉类、食蚜蝇类、瓢虫类和姬蜂类的诱集量分别为208 头、38 头、36 头和99 头。经调查,在数量上植食性害虫远远超过天敌昆虫,害虫的相对多度为10.19%,天敌仅为1.38%。在害虫中潜叶蛾类的相对多度最高,为4.91%,而枝干害虫类最低,为0.45%;在天敌中,以草蛉类的相对多度最高,为0.75%,而食虫蝽类最低,为1.08*10-6 %。3. 在洛川地区,棉褐带卷蛾和桃蛀果蛾的发生量不大、危害不重,但也不能忽视对其监控,要严格观察其发生情况,防患于未来。4. 红蜘蛛全年发生量不是很大,高峰期仅为0.29 头/叶,远没有达到防治指标。更多还原

【Abstract】 The　northwest　loess　plateau　apple　producing　area　is　the　new　and　developing　high　quality　apple　producing　area　of　our　country,which　is　one　of　the　most　excellent　living　area　to　fit　he　apple　on　seven　meteorological　phenomena　quota　in　the　world.　Among　them　Luochuan　is　in　northern　loess　plateau　of　Weibei,which　has　not　any　industry　pollution　and　is　the　important　apple　production　base　in　Shaanxi,the　apple　produced　is　not　only　toward　selling　to　internal　various　provinces,and　is　also　exported　to　Thailand,Singapore,Malaysia　and　Australia,　etc.　So　the　aspects　such　as　character　and　outcome　etc.　to　the　apple　possess　the　very　strict　requirement.　Therefore　that　the　place　must　does　not　have　the　public　hazard　and　fits　with　the　pesticide　in　apple　production.　So　it　has　the　fixed　requirement,such　as　when　to　using　the　pesticide,the　dosage　of　pesticide,what　kind　of　pesticide,etc.　　The design thought of this text is to built the monitoring system of main pests in non-harmful apple,applying some kinds of technologies on the monitoring and forecast,for examle,hanging the seduction of Asiatic apple leafminer,Peach fruit borer and Adoxophyes orana Fischer von Roslerstamm,setting up the black-light lamp in the orchard for inducing the moth,as well as regularly carry on race investigating in the orchard,etc. Knowing what pests happened in the apple and the trends,the capacity occurring is gone out in the statistics about the main pests,and to know other correlation factors of combination, such as meteorological factor,etc. Studying the occurrence regularity and the change trend of them, forecasting the change trends occur in the future. So,we can provide some reference opinions on prevention and cure in non-harmful apple for whole Luochuan district,raising under the premise of outcome and raising the fruit quality further. The initial research result is as follows: 1. In Luochuan district,the beginingof Asiatic apple leafminer is in late March,the peak occurrence is in July and September and the last phase of occurring is in late September and early Octorber,then the overwintering larvae begin to overwinter with pupae in fallen leaves. According to the overwintering generation happened in good order and quantity is fewer,it is the one of best periods for providing prevention ands cure . And the result is that the humidity and the capacity occurring have the positive correlation,the influence is the biggest. The regression equation from this built is y= 34894.111+811.75913x . 2. With the black-light lamp capacity trapping and killing the insect is 27744 altogether,including 8 orders of Insecta and Arachnida. The trapping and killing capacity of the main pests by black-light lamp to the apple like the Malacosma neustria testacea Motschulsky、Asiatic apple leafminer、Jinguizi、Leaf rollers、Aphid serve as 8,1330,650 and 135 and 474 respectively. To the major natural enemies of apple like the Chrysopa、the aphid fly eats、the ladybug、the ichneumon wasp,the trapping and killing capacity is 208,38 and 36 and 99 respectively. Through investigating,plant feeding habits pests surpassing the natural enemy insect far away in quantity. The relative fecundity of the pests and enemies is 10.19% and 1.38% respectively. Among the pests,the relative fecundity of the Leaf-miners is the highest,which is 4.91%, and the branch pests is the lowst, which is 0.45%. Among the enemies,the relative fecundity of the Chrysopa is the highest, which is 0.75%,and the Chun eating the pest is the lowst,for 1.08*10-6 % . 3. In Luochuan district,the capacity occurring of Peach fruit borer and Adoxophyes orana Fischer von Roslerstamm are not too many,harm not heavily,but we can not ignore to supervise them,we should strictly to observe them,the circumstances occurs,and guard against suffering from in coming . 4. The capacity occurring is not very big to the red spider all the year,summit phase only is 0.29 / leaf,far the action threshold for control .更多还原