【作者】 张俊杰；

【导师】 冯佰利；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业推广， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 农业推广是科技成果转化为生产力的桥梁和纽带,是促进农业和农村经济发展,实现农业现代化的重要手段。目前我国以政府推广机构为主体的农业推广体系线断、网破、人散,存在着科技推广机制不活,科技成果转化率偏低,科研、推广、生产脱节等诸多问题。充分发挥高等农业院校的科教、人才优势,建立高等农业院校科技推广创新体系,对补充、完善我国现有农业推广体系,建立多元化的农业推广体系,提高农业科技成果转化率,促进传统农业向现代农业跨越具有重要的现实意义。论文采用对比分析的方法,对我国现有的农业推广体制的特点和存在的主要问题进行了比较分析、评价;借鉴国外农业推广体制的经验,以及世界农业科技推广发展趋势与特征,探索和构建了高等农业院校科技推广创新体系。其特点集中表现在: (1)该体系依据高等农业院校科技资源、人才资源、信息资源的优势和特点,通过建立管理平台、信息平台、培训平台和成果转化平台,构建高等农业院校农业科技推广创新体系,使大学的科教人员带着信息、技术、成果直接进村入户,建立科技示范样板,进行科技培训,指导涉农企业、农协、农民开展农业生产,使高等农业院校的成果直接送到农业生产者手中,缩短了成果转化的路径,建立了科技直接进入农村的新通道。同时,通过生产实践中的信息反馈,进一步指导大学的科研、教学,促进了产学研的有机结合,推动了农业和农村经济的发展。(2)该体系以大学自行研制的科研成果为主,充分发挥高等农业院校科研、教学设备先进,科教人员学习、深造机会多,信息交流快,知识更新快,与国内外科技接轨较快,技术、成果具有前瞻性和先进性,成果推广、转化速度较快等方面的优势,作为对现有农业科技推广体系的一种必要补充,与其它农业推广形式共同构成我国多元化的推广体系。(3)该体系以项目、基地为纽带,吸纳基层科技推广人员参与科技成果转化,建立合作利益关系,使大学科技人员与基层科技人员各负其责、相互协作、扬长避短。大学科技人员主要提供技术、成果,开展科技培训,建立示范样板,制定推广方案,基层科技人员主要组织农民学习、应用,普及新技术、新成果。这样既发挥了大学科技人员的技术领先性,又充分利用了基层科技人员的环境适应性,二者相互依托、相互促进,促进了科技成果的转化。(4)该体系以“科技+协会+农民”等形式,为农村经济合作组织提供技术、信息、培训,借助农村经济合作组织为农民提供信息、中介、营销等服务,解决家庭联产承包责任制后农民分户生产、分散经营的农民组织化问题;采用“科技+公司+农民”等形式,以大学技术成果转移帮助、指导涉农企业,通过龙头企业,延伸产业链,提高农产品附加值,增强农产品竞争力,解决当前农村的农业产业化问题。此外,论文以西北农林科技大学为例,分析了该体系在实践中的应用特点和效果,更多还原

【Abstract】 Agriculture extension is the bridge and link of capacity to transfer scientific and technological achievements, is the important way to accelerate the farm economic and to realize agriculture modernization. The main agricultural extension system in our country has broken off at present. It has many problems such as inflexible mechanism, inefficient, disjointing among research, extension and production. It is very important that put up the new muti-elements extension system to develop the education and talent advantage in agricultural universities, to improver and supplement extension system at present, to improve transfer efficiency of achievements and to accelerate the traditional agriculture change into modern agriculture. This paper analyses the characteristics and problems in the agricultural extension system of our country at present. The innovation agricultural extension system was set up in agricultural university by consulting the foreign advanced experiments and trend of agricultural extension. Its characteristics as following: (1)This system bases on the advantage of talent, science information and technology resources in agricultural university. The system including that establishing managing plat, information plat, training plat and achievement transfer plat. It can make the person directly go into countryside with information, technology and achievements work in the university. They can give the achievements for agricultural producer. This system shortens the time of achievements transfer. The new path that science and technology go into countryside directly has been built. At the same time, through the information feed back from the practice, it can promote the integration between research, education and production each other and impel the farm economics development. (2)This system bases on the achievements that universities had been get for. It can elaborate many advantages of the agriculture university such as the advanced research and chance of learning, more quickly information communicating, more faster knowledge renewal and faster exchange with foreign country. This system is one of the need supplement system for multi-elements agricultural extension system in our country at present. (3)This system will be tie to the projects and base by the extension workers in country to attend the achievements extension. The relationship will be built between each other through sharing benefit, it can make them responsible, cooperation and complementation each other. The experts from university offer the technologies, train farmers, establish demonstration and work out the extension plan. The others from country manage the farmers to learn and apply the new technologies. It not only exerts the technological progress, but also utilizes the adaptability of workers in country. They depend on and encourage each other to accelerate the achievements transfer. (4)This system use the way of “technology +association +farmer ”, it provide the technologies, information and training for the rural economic association. Under the aid of the rural economic association, This way can provide many serves such as information, agent and marketing for farmers. The problems that take out responsibility system of village will be solved. By the way of “technology +company +farmer”, this system helps and guides the enterprises relating to farm via transfer achievements. Through market-leader enterprises, it can extend the industry chains, raise the extra value of primary productions, strengthen the competing power of farmers and solve the problems of agricultural industrialization at present. In addition, taking the case of Northwest A&F University, this paper analyzes the characteristics and effects of this system on the practices and gives some advices to constitute and perfect the system. In brief, the new system is an important complement for the present extension system that based on the government, is an innovation form to the multi-elements extension system of our country. This system adapts to the trend of international agricultural extension and the characteristics of the present agricultural development of our country. It fits for the development rule of agricultural university. It will be solve the problems of “ACP”(agriculture, countryside, peasant) at present.更多还原