【作者】 赵延安；

【导师】 郑少锋；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业推广， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 为了探索我国封建农业法制的奥秘,总结两千多年封建农业法制的规律,在查阅自战国末期商鞅变法实行封建土地制度开始到民国时期的农业史、农业思想史、法制史和法制思想史大量资料的基础上,总结了封建农业法制的五个主要特点。一是封建农业立法往往与行政立法、刑事立法、民事立法交叉渗透,农业立法虽然数量繁多,但其过于分散,缺乏完整的、独立的农业法制体系;二是贯穿于封建农业法制始终的重本抑末思想虽然有力地保护了农业,却阻碍了整个中国封建经济的发展;三是封建统治者以强兵富国为出发点强调农业的重要地位,却回避了农民利益的保护;四是封建农业立法虽多出自君主之口,至高无上,但缺乏法律的稳定性和统一性;五是农业技术的推广单纯依靠封建官吏,没有调动农民学科学、学技术的积极性,没有和农业教育结合起来。据此得出一个结论,即:封建农业法制不可能突破封建社会森严的等级制度和人身依附关系而去追求农民利益和农民平等权的保护。只有在现代文明社会,宪法赋予了全体国民平等的公民权时,保护农民权益和利益才成为一种可能。但由于历史的原因,将农民权益和利益保护变为现实还有漫长的道路要走,需要冲破思想观念的束缚,打破利益分配的传统模式,调整城乡二元化结构,这些变革都是一种痛苦的过程。因此,国家在农业立法中,应象工业体制改革一样,以极大的勇气把农民权益和利益的保护作为农业法制的立法思想和基本目标,彻底改变现有的权益和利益的不平等结构。在总结历史经验教训的基础上,以史为鉴,提出在现代农业法制建设中应着重考虑的五个问题,即:如何克服封建农业法律规范分散繁杂的缺陷,建立完整独立的农业法律体系;消除重农抑商的思想对农业立法的影响,正确处理农业与工商业的关系;农业法在维护国家利益的同时,应强调保护农民的权益和利益;减少封建农业法随统治者更替而变化的随意性,保持农业法律的稳定性和统一;加强农业教育和农业技术推广立法,提高农业人口文化和技术素质,以保证农业的可持续发展。通过中国封建农业法制中的研究,我们可以从中总结经验,汲取教训,以史为鉴,为我国现代农业法制建设提供历史的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the study on the history of agriculture, ideological history of agriculture, history of legal system as well as historical thought of legal system from Shangyang reform in the time of the Warring States through the Republic of China, five summative features were drawn through further exploration of feudal legal system in agriculture as follows: i) legislation of feudal agriculture was interwoven with administrative legislation, criminal legislation and civil legislation. Agricultural legislation, though not many in quantity, was in lack of a system of oneness and independence; ii) Emphasis on agriculture and little attention given to the commerce has blocked the development of feudal economy; iii) Emphasis on agriculture was based on the point of view of strengthening military forces, which inevitably neglected the protection of farmers interests; iv) the legislation of agriculture, though derived from monarch and being dominant and authoritive, were in lack of stability and unity; v) agricultural extension was mainly dependent on feudal officers instead of mobilizing farmers to learn sciences and technologies and connecting it with education. Conclusion, thereafter, was made that feudal legal system of agriculture could not get out of the strict hierarchic system and dependence on interpersonal relationships to protect farmers equal rights and seek farmers interest. Only under the modern society, constitution gives all civilians equal rights and makes it possible to protect farmers interest and rights. Owing to historical reasons, there is still a long way to go to have farmers rights and interests fully realized, which needs to get beyond the restriction of traditional ideas and old allocation patterns of benefits, and adjust the dualistic structure of society. The reform is tough and needs to be done like that carried out in the industrial reform to make the protection of farmers interests and rights as the basic philosophy of agricultural legislation so as to modify the unequal structure in terms of interests, rights and benefits. With the historical lessons learned as the new basis, five problems needed to be given considerations with respect to the construction of modern agriculture legislation: how to overcome the decentralization and complex of feudal legal system of agriculture so as to set up an independent legal system of agriculture; how to reduce the influence of the thought of emphasis on agriculture and neglect ion of businesses on agriculture so as to rightly deal with the relation of agriculture to commerce; how to make agriculture legislation not only maintain the national benefits but also protect farmers interests and rights; how to make the agricultural legislation stable and unified instead of being changed randomly by the ruler; how to strengthen the legislation of agricultural education and technological extension so as to improve the competencies and skills of the rural people and to achieve sustainable development of agriculture. Learning from the history will brighten the path and offer valuable reference to modern legal system construction of agriculture.更多还原