【作者】 陈辉；

【导师】 张显；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 不同的时代、不同的地理位置、不同的气候特点、不同的文化背景,有着不同的园林特色和风格。植物是园林设计要素中唯一具有生命力的要素,在园林设计中发挥着重要作用。植物的花、叶、果、姿等极具观赏价值的特征以及植物相互之间的配置,在很大程度上决定着园林环境的观赏效果和风格特征。植物也是无声的语言,它们以独特的形式向人们讲述着一个地方独有的文化,记载着一个城市的历史,见证着一个城市的发展历程,甚至像建筑物、雕塑那样成为城市文明的标志。随着经济、社会的发展,生态城市的概念深入人心。建设富有地方文化特色的生态化园林城市是城市园林和城市绿化发展的方向。本文依据经济社会发展的状况,结合陕西省不同地区的气候特点,以陕西省陕北、关中、陕南三个地区内的榆林市、延安市、西安市、杨凌高新农业产业示范区、汉中市、安康市六个大中城市为调查对象,利用景观多样性、文化内涵、季相变化、植物种类、配置模式等指标对各地城市绿地中道路绿地及广场绿地的植物配置情况进行评价分析。结果表明,陕西省园林植物配置总体现状是:1.用于园林绿化中的植物种类少。陕西的种子植物约有3000-5000种,而实际应用的不足200种。2.季相景观不丰富,与经济、社会发展不相匹配。根据陕西省不同地区植被类型和气候特点,陕北和关中地区可达到四季常绿,三季有花;陕南地区可达到四季常绿,季季花繁的景观效果,实际配置未能体现应有特点。3.配置模式单一。行道树以单排乔木种植为主,广场以大草坪为主,植物整形修剪少,整体视觉美观效果差。4.地方文化特色不突出,反映各地区历史文化特色的传统植物及反映农业科技城市特有文化氛围的植物应用不足。5.道路树木与电线等市政设施冲突,影响树形美观,导致整体效果零乱、无序,视觉感受差。针对存在的问题,结合陕西省不同地区经济社会发展和气候特点,一、推荐出各地区适宜园林绿化所用植物及其应用特点。其中,1.陕北地区:推荐行道树树种12科31种,观花乔、灌、草植物16科53种,秋季色叶树种10科17种,共计38科101种。2.关中地区:推荐行道树树种18科32种,观花乔、灌、草植物30科101种,秋季色叶树种16科27种,共计64科160种。3.陕南地区:推荐色叶树种21科45种。二、推荐典型道路植物配置模式和分地区广场植物配置模式,其中,(一)道路植物配置模式,包括四种:1.常绿乔木+落叶乔木间植;2.落叶乔木+落叶乔木间植;3.落叶乔木+灌木间植;4.落叶乔木+灌木。(二)广场植物配置模式,包括:1.陕北地区,适合的模式为“节水型”种植模式、“防风、耐阴型”种植模式、“观赏型”种植模式、“观赏、休闲型”种植模式。2.关中地区,适合的模式为“唐风唐韵型”种植模式、“农业特色型”种植模式、“观赏型”种植模更多还原

【Abstract】 The different garden characteristic and the style come from the different periode, the different geographical position, the different climate characteristic and the different culture. Plant is the only living element of the landscape design, which is playing an important role.The flower,the leaf,the fruit and the posture of plant have their particular ornamental value. Combining the arrangement of plant, they can be crucial factors which define the ornamental image and the garden style. Plant is the sound of silence. They represent the local culture,they record the history of city and they witness the tremendous changes in the city with their unique means. Plants even can become the symbol of city just like the buildings and the statues do. With development of society and economy, ecological city was widely accepted. That is the direction of city development to build ecological garden city with local culture. According to the climate and status of society and economy of Shannxi province,the plant arrangement was investigated in urban arterial streets and squares in the six citys of Shaanxi province including Yulin, Yan’an, Xi’an, Yangling, Hanzhong and Ankang. The values of the following indexes were analyzed: landscape diversity, cultural meaning, seasonal sceneries, species and arrangement mode. The results indicate some status of plant arrangement in Shannxi province. In north of Shaanxi, that is 1.the application of landscape plants in cities is limited,there are altoghter 3000-5000 species of spermatophyte in Shannxi,but under 200 species used for greening work.2.seasonal sceneries are simplex. This status is out of harmony with the development of economy and society. Basis on the type of vegetation of Shaanxi, plants in four seasons are evergreen and three seasons are flowering can be obtained　in the north and center of Shaanxi,and plants in four seasons are evergreen and four seasons are flowering can be obtained in the south of Shaanxi.However, The actual disposition has not been able to manifest the feature of vegetation.3.characteristic the arrangement modes are humdrum.A row of tree is the main form of street tree, square ground is hold by big lawn primarily 4.The features of local culture express deficiently.In the historical character and the city of argricutural technology scarcely using plans of particular cultural circumstances. According to the problems, combining the economy and climate, 1.The suitable landscape plants and their applied characteristics in each region were recommended. 2.The representative ornamental plant arrangement mode about urban arterial streets and squares were summarized. There are four modes of plant arrangement which can be used in road greening have been offered: indeciduous plants intercrop deciduous plants, deciduous plants intercrop deciduous plants, deciduous plants intercrop shrub, and deciduous plants cultivate with shrub. The plant arrangement in squares also has different modes. First, in north of Shaanxi province,the “water-saving”type, the “wind-resistance and shade tolerance”type, the“landscape”type and the“ornament-recreation”type can be used. Second, in center of Shaanxi province, the “Tang dynasty”type, the “agriculture”type, the“landscape”type and the“ornament-recreation”type can be used. These typical modes will produce instructional meaning to the plant arrangement in Shaanxi provice, even northwest of China. They also indicate the direction of landscaping city construction to some certain degree.更多还原