【作者】 张静；

【导师】 张兴；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农药学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 细辛醚(1-烯丙基-2-甲氧基-4,5-亚甲二氧基苯)是从藁本Ligusticum　sinense　Oliv.中分离得到的一种苯丙素类化合物,西北农林科技大学无公害农药研究服务中心首次报道了其杀虫活性。为进一步明确其杀虫活性及作用机制,本研究测定了细辛醚对几种常见昆虫的毒力、作用方式,并以粘虫为试虫观察了细辛醚的致毒症状,测定了细辛醚对粘虫体内一些重要生理生化指标的影响,得到如下结果:　　(1)　细辛醚有较好的触杀活性,其对粘虫4 龄幼虫、桃蚜无翅成蚜、菜青虫5 龄幼虫和家蝇成虫的LD50 值分别为35.06(12 h)、1.11(24 h)、66.28(24 h)和3.45(4h)μg　/头;对粘虫4 龄幼虫、家蝇成虫、玉米象成虫和淡色库蚊成虫具较强的熏蒸活性,LC50 值分别为16.92 (12h)、5.77 (4h)、7.53 (72h)和4.24μL/L(4h),在LC80剂量的熏蒸下,对淡色库蚊和家蝇的KT50 分别为4.80min和11.64min;,在0.1%、0.5%和1.0%(w/w)的处理下,对玉米象有很强的种群抑制作用,而1.0%(w/w)处理下,可导致试虫死亡率达100%;对家蝇和玉米象还有一定的忌避作用。　(2)　细辛醚对昆虫的主要作用方式为熏蒸和触杀,并具忌避、种群抑制等多种作用方式。　　(3)　细辛醚的典型致毒症状为:经历兴奋、痉挛、昏迷、死亡等几个阶段,有些试虫有复苏现象,中毒粘虫、家蝇和菜青虫均大量吐水,粘虫还出现肠道充气现象。　(4)细辛醚对粘虫AChE 和Na~+,K~+-ATPase 有明显的抑制作用,并引起试虫体内Glu 含量升高和GABA 含量降低,对ACh 含量也有一定的影响。对AChE活性抑制随中毒程度的加深而增加,酶活力均与对照差异显著,在兴奋期、痉挛期和麻痹期抑制率分别为:21.64%、29.75%和35.22%;细辛醚能明显抑制Na~+,K~+-ATP 酶的活性,其对粘虫头部Na+,K+-ATPase 活性在兴奋期、痉挛期和麻痹期抑制率分别为33.29%、44.45%和23.98%,对中肠组织中Na~+,K~+-ATPase 活性抑制率依次为-0.60%、5.61%和11.65%。　(5)细辛醚对粘虫全酯酶和羧酸酯酶活性影响不大,但酯酶同功酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果表明细辛醚对酯酶同功酶中部分酶带分别有激活和抑制作用;细辛醚对粘虫谷胱甘肽硫转移酶活性有一定的影响,对多功能氧化酶脱甲基活性抑制作用明显。　上述结果表明:细辛醚活性高、作用谱广、作用方式多样、作用机理独特,另外,细辛醚存在于多种植物精油中,资源丰富,结构简单,有广阔的开发前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sarisan （1-Allyl-2-Methoxy-4,5-Methlene-Dioxybenzene） which is a kind of phenylpropanoid substance was isolated from Ligusticum sinense Oliv. , and its insecticidal activity was first reported by Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A&F University. To further vertify the bioactivities and mechanism of sarisan, the toxicity and action of sarisan against several normal pests were investigated under the laboratory conditions. Poisoning symptom was observed. Effects on some important physiological and biochemical criteria in Mythimna separatea　Walker　were tested. The main results are given as follows: （1） Sarisan showed strong contact activity against the 4th-instar larvae of Mythimna separata Walker, Myzus persicae（Sulzer）, the 5th-instar larvae of Pieris rapae L.and Musca domestica Linnaeus, whose values of LD₅₀ were 35.06（12 h）,1.11（24 h）,66.28（24 h） and 3.45（4h）μg /larva. Sarisan also displayed strong fumigation activity against 4th-instar larvae of Mythimna separata Walker、Musca domestica Linnaeus、Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Culex pipiens pallens with LD₅₀ values 16.92 （12h）,5.77 （4h）,7.53 （72h） and 4.24μL/L（4h）, respectively. The KT₅₀ values were 4.80min and 11.64min against Culex pipiens pallens and Musca domestica Linnaeus with the fumigation of sarisan under the dosage of LC80. Strong inhibition of the formation of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky populations was exhibited, too. Moreover, repellent activity of sarisan was proved against　Musca domestica Linnaeus. and Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. （2）The bioactivity actions of sarisan against insects included fumigation, repellent,contact, population inhibiting, of which fumigation and contact were dominant. （3）In vivo symptom was characterized by a definite sequence of events, starting with excitation, convulsion, paralysis, and death. But some in paralysis could recover at a lower dose, Mythimna separata Walker, Pieris rapae L.and Musca domestica Linnaeus. hyperemesised when treated with sarisan, hollow duodenum phenomenon was found in Mythimna separata Walker. （4）It was found that AChE and Na+,K+-ATPase of Mythimna separata Walker were strongly inhibited by sarisan, and sarisan also increased Glu content but decreased GABA content. During excitation, convulsion and paralysis of pests treated, the inhibition rate of AChE was 21.64%,29.75% and 35.22%, respectively., 33.29%, 44.45% and 23.98% for Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase. （5） Sarisan didn’t showed very strong effect on esterase and carboxylesterase of Mythimna separata Walker, while it could activate or inhibit esteraseisozyme. Insignificant inhibition of MFO O-demethylase and GSTs activities was found. The result of this research showed that sarisan had a good development outlook for it had good bioactivity, wide spectrum, various actions and special mechanism; its characteristics also involve the simple structure. Furthermore, it can be found in many kinds of plant essential oil and it is abundant in nature.更多还原