【作者】 赵会芳；

【导师】 巩振辉；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 ⁶⁰Co-γ射线与EMS、⁶⁰Co-γ射线与NaN₃、⁶⁰Co-γ射线与HNO₂ 复合处理0255、0257和0238 辣椒干种子。研究了辣椒M1代最始发芽天数、发芽势、发芽率、根长、侧根数、茎长的生理损伤和MAD、保护酶活性的变化,M2代株高、株幅、侧枝数等性状的诱变效应。试验结果表明:　1.在供试剂量范围内,M1代的生理损伤、保护酶活性随着剂量的增大而增大,复合处理对M1生理损伤比单一处理效果明显。　2.M2代株高、株幅、侧枝数、叶长×叶宽、Vc 含量、可食率等突变频率统计分析结果表明:EMS 处理8h、10h 对辣椒诱变效应明显,获得株高、Vc 含量和侧枝数变异最优诱变剂量为0.6%EMS　10h,获得株幅、叶长×叶宽、Vc 含量和侧枝数变异最优诱变剂量为0.6%EMS　8h。　3.主成分分析表明,⁶⁰Co-γ射线与NaN3复合处理的最优组合是0255 品种30（1×10）Gy+2h[用⁶⁰Co-γ射线照射30（1×10）Gy 后再用1mmol/L　NaN₃浸种2h]、50（1×10）Gy+2h[用⁶⁰Co-γ射线照射50（1×10）Gy 后再用1mmol/L　NaN₃浸种2h];0257 品种30（1×10）Gy+4h[用⁶⁰Co-γ射线照射30（1×10）Gy 后再用1mmol/L　NaN₃浸种4h]、50（1×10）Gy+4h[用⁶⁰Co-γ射线照射50（1×10）Gy 后再用1mmol/L　NaN₃浸种4h];0238品种30（1×10）Gy+0h[用⁶⁰Co-γ射线照射30（1×10）Gy 后再用1mmol/L　NaN₃浸种0h]。HNO₂处理的最优组合为70～80min[用HNO₂（0.05mol/L）浸种70～80　min]。　4.主成分分析表明,用诱变剂处理种子后,会影响到M₁代多种性状的表现,且对不同品种不同性状抑制程度不同。⁶⁰Co-γ射线与NaN₃复合处理后对M₁代根长、侧根数、茎长的影响最大;HNO₂处理后对最始发芽天数、发芽势的影响最大。　5.同一诱变剂,诱变处理后对不同品种同一性状的损伤程度不同。γ射线、HNO₂对不同品种发芽势的抑制程度为0255>0257>0238,EMS、NaN₃处理浓度对不同品种发芽势的抑制程度为0238>0255>0257,NaN3处理时间对不同品种发芽势的抑制程度为0257>0255>0238。γ射线、NaN₃ 处理浓度对不同品种发芽率的抑制程度为0238>0255>0257,EMS、HNO2、NaN₃ 处理时间对不同品种发芽率的抑制程度为0257>0255>0238。γ射线对不同品种根长的抑制程度为0257、0238>0255,NaN₃处理时间、HNO₂对不同品种根长的抑制程度为0238>0255>0257,NaN₃ 处理浓度对不同品种根长的抑制程度为0238>0257>0255。γ射线对不同品种侧根数的抑制程度为0238>0257>0255,NaN₃更多还原

【Abstract】 Dry seeds of 3 varieties of peppers were treated with combined treatment ⁶⁰Co-gamma rays and EMS, ⁶⁰Co-gamma rays and NaN₃, ⁶⁰Co-gamma rays and HNO₂. In M1, the biological injuries of the No. of germination early day, the germination viability, the germination rate, and the change of the MDA and the cell defense enzyme activities. In M₂, the mutation effects of the plant height, the plant breadth, the No. of the lateral branches per. plant and the No. of the fruits per. plant were studied. The results showed that: 1. In experimental dosages, the biological injuries and the cell defense enzyme activities of M₁ increased with the increase of treatment dose or time, combination treatments were more effects than single treatment for the biological injuries in M1. 2. Analyzing mutagenic effect of the plant height, the plant breadth, the No. of the lateral branches per. plant, leaf length×leaf width, Vc content, edible rate in M₂, the results showed that the treatments 8h, 10h with 0.6% EMS were suitable for inducing mutation; the treatment of 10h with 0.6% EMS was the best one for mutation plant height, Vc content and the No. of the lateral branches per. plant in M₂, and that the treatment of 8h with 0.6% EMS was the best one for mutation plant width, leaf length×leaf width, Vc content and the No. of the lateral branches per. plant in M2. 3. Analyzed and valued determine data with principal component method, result showed that the treatments of 30 （1×10） Gy+2h [the treatment of 30（1×10） Gy ⁶⁰Co-gamma ray and 2h （1mmol/L） NaN₃] and 50 （1×10） Gy+2h [the treatment of 50（1×10） Gy ⁶⁰Co-gamma ray and 2h （1mmol/L） NaN₃] were the better one in 0255 variety, and that the treatment of 30 （1×10） Gy+4h [the treatment of 30（1×10） Gy ⁶⁰Co-gamma ray and 4h （1mmol/L） NaN₃] and 50 （1×10） Gy+4h [the treatment of 50（1×10） Gy ⁶⁰Co-gamma ray and 4h （1mmol/L） NaN₃] were the better one in 0257 variety, and that the treatment 30 （1×10） Gy+0h [the treatment of 30（1×10） Gy ⁶⁰Co-gamma ray and 0h （1mmol/L） NaN₃] were the better one in 0238 variety. The treatment 70～80 min[teatment 70～80 min with HNO₂（0.05mol/L） ] was the best one. 4. The result of principal component method showed that after dry seeds of peppers were treated with mutagenic, many characters were affected in M1, the degree of being restrained were different in different characters of different varieties. Root length, the No. of the side roots per. plant and stem length were notable affected by combined treatment 60Co-gamma rays and NaN3, the No. of germination early day and germination viability were notable affected by treatment HNO2. 5. After treatment with same mutagenic, the degree of being injured in same characters of different varieties was different. After treatment with 60Co-gamma rays or HNO2, the order of germination viability being restrained was Cv. 0255, 0257 and 0238, treatment with EMS or treatment concentration of NaN3, the order of germination viability being restrained was Cv. 0238, 0255 and 0257, treatment with treatment time of NaN3, the order was Cv. 0257, 0255 and 0238; After treatment with 60Co-gamma rays or treatment concentration of NaN3, the order of germination rate being restrained was Cv. 0238, 0255 and 0257, with EMS or HNO2 or treatment time of NaN3, the order was Cv. 0257, 0255 and 0238; After treatment with 60Co-gamma rays, the order of root length being restrained was Cv. 0257 （ or 0238） and 0255, with treatment time of NaN3 or HNO2, the order was Cv. 0238, 0255 and 0257, with treatment concentration of NaN3, the order was Cv. 0238, 0257 and 0255; After treatment with 60Co-gamma rays, the order of the No. of the side roots per. plant being restrained was Cv. 0238, 0257 and 0255, with treatment time of NaN3 or HNO2, the order was Cv. 0255, 0257 and 0238, with treatment concentration of NaN3, the order was Cv. 0257, 0255 and 0238; After treatment with treatment time of NaN3 or HNO2, the order of stem length being restrained was Cv. 0255, 0257 and 0238, with treatment concentration of NaN3, the order was Cv. 0238, 0255 and 0257. 6. The effect of different mutagenic was different in different characters of different varieties. For germination viability of 0255 variety, the order of mutagenic was treatment time of NaN3, HNO2, 60Co-gamma rays, treatment concentration of NaN3 and EMS, for germination viability of 0257 variety, the order of mutagenic was treatment time of NaN3, HNO2, treatment concentration of NaN3, 60Co-gamma rays and EMS,for germination viability of 0238 variety, the order was NaN3, EMS, HNO2 and 60Co-gamma rays; for germination rate of 0255 variety, the order of mutagenic was treatment concentration of NaN3, EMS, treatment time of NaN3, HNO2 and 60Co-gamma rays, for germination rate of 0257 variety, the order of mutagenic was EMS, NaN3, HNO2 and 60Co-gamma rays, for germination rate of 0238 variety, the order was treatment concentration of NaN3, HNO2, treatment time of NaN3, EMS and 60Co-gamma rays; for root length of three varieties, the order of mutagenic was 60Co-gamma rays, HNO2 and NaN3; for the No. of the side roots per. plant of 0255 variety, the order of mutagenic was HNO2, treatment time of NaN3,60Co-gamma rays and treatment concentration of NaN3, for 0257or 0238 varieties, the order of mutagenic was 60Co-gamma rays, HNO2 and NaN3; for stem length of 0255 varieties, the order of mutagenic was HNO2, 60Co-gamma rays and NaN3, for 0257 varieties, the order was 60Co-gamma rays, HNO2 and NaN3; for 0238 varieties, the order was 60Co-gamma rays, treatment concentration of NaN3, HNO2 and treatment time of NaN3. 7. After treatment with same mutagenic, the degree of being restrained in different chara-cters of same variety was different. Treatment with HNO2, the order of different characters of 0255 variety was CAT, germination viability, the No. of germination early day, MDA, SOD activity, stem length, root length, germination rate, the No. of the side roots per. plant and POD, the order of different characters of 0257 variety was the No. of the side roots per. plant, the No. of germination early day, germination viability, germination rate, MDA, root length, CAT, stem length, POD and SOD, the order of different characters of 0238 variety was MDA, germination viability, stem length, germination rate, the No. of germination early day, the No. of the side roots per. plant, POD, SOD, CAT and root length. Combined treatment with 60Co-gamma rays and NaN3, the order of different characters of 0255 variety was root length, stem length, the No. of the side roots per. plant, POD, germination viability, SOD, germination rate, MDA, the No. of germination early day and CAT, the order of different characters of 0257 variety was root length, the No. of the side roots per. plant, POD, stem length, SOD, germination rate, MDA, the No. of germination early day, CAT and germination viability, the order of different characters of 0258 variety was root length, stem length, CAT, germination viability, germination rate, the No. of germination early day, POD, the No. of the side roots per. plant, SOD and MDA.更多还原