【作者】 蒙秋霞；

【导师】 樊金拴； 牛西午； 陕方；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 我国锦鸡儿属植物资源丰富,但受观念及资源分布的限制,锦鸡儿属植物应用开发研究多集中于其生态造林和畜牧饲草利用方面,进行化学成分及有关利用研究的种较少,还存在着广阔的研究空间。目前,小叶锦鸡儿作为一种天然产物开发利用的植物资源已逐渐引起一些研究者的重视,在不破坏该种植物资源和生态环境的情况下,如能充分利用其茎、叶、花等可再生部位,对改变其分布地区农林业产品结构和实现天然资源的可持续利用均有良好作用和意义,也有利于我国“西部大开发”战略的实施和生态环境建设。本工作针对文献中研究的不足,对小叶锦鸡儿的黄酮类化合物进行了较为全面和系统的研究,并对锦鸡儿属几种植物各个部位的总黄酮含量进行测定。首先,用分光光度法考察了锦鸡儿属几种植物总黄酮的含量,大致了解黄酮类在该属几种植物中的分布,为这些植物的综合开发提供一定理论依据。其次,用分光光度法研究不同生长年限小叶锦鸡儿地上部分的叶、茎、茎皮和木质部等部位中黄酮类化合物的季节性变化规律,发现一年中小叶锦鸡儿不同生长年限的叶、茎、茎皮部、木质部等各部位中总黄酮含量均有两个高峰,其中以9 月份出现的高峰较高,为从该植物中提取总黄酮的利用部位及利用时机提供理论依据,并探讨了小叶锦鸡儿黄酮类化合物季节性变化背后的生理学原因。第三,考察了用乙醇提取法、热水提取法和碱提酸沉法从小叶锦鸡儿的花、茎皮部和叶中提取总黄酮的效果,发现乙醇提取法的黄酮提取率和总黄酮粗提物中黄酮类化合物的含量最高,从而选出最适合于该种植物总黄酮提取的方法。第四,以不同总黄酮提取方法的比较研究为基础,通过单因素试验和正交设计分别确定了小叶锦鸡儿叶和花中总黄酮乙醇提取的优化工艺条件。其中叶总黄酮提取的最佳工艺为:60%乙醇溶液,浸提时间3h,液固比40:1,提取温度70℃。花总黄酮提取的最佳工艺为:60%乙醇溶液,浸提时间7h,液固比30:1,浸提温度60℃。 最后,以芦丁、桑色素和槲皮素为标准品,用高效液相色谱法详细考察了小叶锦鸡儿花、茎皮部和叶中这三种黄酮类化合物的含量,发现小叶锦鸡儿花、叶和茎皮部中都含有芦丁、桑色素和槲皮素,但比例不同。三者中花的芦丁含量最高,为0.6448mg/g,槲皮素含量最低,为0.0629 mg/g;茎皮的桑色素含量最高,为0.3076mg/g;叶的槲皮更多还原

【Abstract】 China is bestowed with a bountiful resource of Caragana Fabr. However, the exploitation and research of the species in the genus had been focused on their applications in ecological forestation and livestock forage due to the restriction of traditional concept and geographical distribution of the plants. As the result, chemical constituents and the related applications of only a few species in Caragana Fabr had been studied and there is a wide margin of researching in this area. Some researchers have presently paid great attention to C. microphylla as a plant resource of natural products. It will be of great contribution and implementation to the change of the agriculture and forestry products structure of the distributed area of the species, the west development strategy and the construction of ecological environment if the regenerative parts of C. microphylla such as stem, leaf and flower can be used efficiently and sufficiently without doing harm to the plant resource and the ecological environment. According to the deficiency of the references, flavonoid compounds in C. microphylla were studied comprehensively and systematically in this dissertation, and total flavonoids (TF) content in different organs of several species in Caragana Fabr. was also determined. Firstly, total flavonoids contents of samples from different organs of C. microphylla Lam, C. zahlbruckneri C.K. Schneid, C. arborescens(Amm) Lam, C. chinghaiensis Liou, C. boisi Schneid, C. jubata (Pall) Pior were determined with the method of spectrophotometry to learn about the general distribution of flavonoid compounds in these plants and provide theoretical basis for the comprehensive exploitation of the plants. Secondly, The seasonal changes of total flavonoid content in leaf, stem, cortex and xylem of C. microphylla in different growth periods were studied with the method of spectrophotometry. The result showed that total flavonoids content in leaf, stem, cortex and xylem of C. microphylla in different growth periods reaches two peaks in a year, with the higher one falls in September. The result will offer theoretical basis for useful parts and best exploitation time of the plant. In addition, the physiological reasons of the seasonal changes of total flavonoids content in the plant were discussed. Thirdly, different extraction methods of total flavonoids in flower, cortex and leaf of C. microphylla using ethanol, hot water and alkaline and acid were studied. It was found that the yield of flavonoids and the total flavonoids content in crude extract are both highest when ethanol was used to extract. Thus the most suitable extraction method of total flavonods in C. microphylla was chosen. Fourthly, the optimum extraction technologies of total flavonoids with ethanol in the leaf and flower of C. microphylla were determined using the factorial and orthogonal design. The optimum extraction technology in leaf is as following: ethanol concentration 60%, extracting duration 3 hours, solution/solid ratio 40:1 and extracting temperature 70℃. The optimum extraction technology in flower is as following: ethanol concentration 60%, extracting duration 7 hours, solution/solid ratio 30:1 and extracting temperature 60℃. Lastly, the content of rutin, morin and quercetin in flower, cortex and leaf of C. microphylla was determined with high performance liquid chromography (HPLC). It was found that flower, cortex and leaf of C. microphylla all contain the above-mentioned flavonoids, while the proportion of them in different organs varies. Among the three organs, flower contains the highest content of rutin that reaches 0.6448mg/g and the lowest content of quercetin that is only 0.0629 mg/g. The content of morin in cortex is the highest and reaches 0.3076mg/g and leaf contain more quercetin than other organs with a content of 0.4675 mg/g. It can be found from the result that there should be many other flavonoid compounds or other flavonoids of high content in C. microphylla.更多还原