【作者】 冯慧娟；

【导师】 杨改河； 李全武；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 生态学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 城市在全球经济一体化过程中的战略地位日益提升,城市化成为大国促进经济发展和增强综合国力的必经途径。城市化滞后于工业化以及地区发展不平衡是中国城市化进程中的主要矛盾。分析世界城市化的发展史,比较研究国内外城市化进程,探寻其共性和个性,获得我国城市化发展的有意义的经验和教训。　本论文将城市化进程立足于区域发展的现实环境中,对城市与区域发展的关系进行理论研究的基础上,总结了发达国家城市化的历史进程和特点、发展中国家城市化的发展道路和存在的问题、解决措施以及我国城市化发展的轨迹。对比研究了城市化发展现状、速度及趋势、城市化发生的背景条件、城市化模式、城市化的推动因素及政策,从我国的实际出发,提出我国城市化发展的合理化建议,并着眼于城市化发展相对落后的西部,提出推进西部城市化的构想。　发达国家的城市化是伴随工业革命的开始而启动的,在市场经济体制下,工业化和经济发展是城市化快速前进的驱动力,目前城市化已经进入自我完善发展阶段,城市化发展速度趋缓。其城市化开始于少数大城市和中心城市的集中发展,随生产力的布局和经济水平的提高,由集中趋向分散化。城市化进程中始终呈现出城市化水平与工业化和经济发展水平的高度相关性,产业结构的升级换代和高级化加速工业化实现,并出现了相对应的城市空间布局形态,在信息化时代形成了完善的网络化的城市体系。　发展中国家的城市化是在获得独立后,由政府推动,采取赶超型的掠夺农业的工业化战略开始的,工业化步伐的加快,城市化开始进入加速发展时期,但城市化与工业化和经济发展脱节,多呈现出分散的城市化空间布局模式。城市首位度偏高,大城市人口膨胀,普遍存在城乡二元社会经济结构。城市产业结构升级换代缓慢,传统产业占主导地位,第三产业发展滞后。贫富分化严重,区域发展不平衡突出。城市化发展缺乏根本的内在推动力。　城市化是城市发展的趋势和结果,中国的城市化健康运行必须在这些国家所反映出的城市化客观规律的框架之内,联系实际做出合理的选择。必须以工业化为动力,与经济发展水平相适应;以农业为基础,农业现代化和城市化有机结合;构建宏观经济基础之上的区域化产业结构;构建布局合理、结构协调的城市化格局;协调好政府与市场在城市化进程中的关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the strategic station of cities promoting during the worldly economic integration, urbanization becomes a necessary approach of promoting the economic development and enhancing the comprehensive national power. Urbanization’s falling behind of industrialization and its imbalance among areas are the main paradoxes during Chinese urbanization course. Through the analysis of world’s urbanization history, comparison of internal and external urbanization course and seeking their similarities and differences, experiences and lessons can be obtained to direct the urbanization of our country. Based on the theoretic study of the relations between cities and regional development, the study located the urbanization course into the realistic environment of regional development, and summarized the urbanization history and characteristics in developed countries, the developing approaches and problems of urbanization in developing countries, also the measures dealing with these problems, as well as the course of urbanization development in China. By studying contrastively on Chinese urbanization actuality, pace, tendency, backgrounds, modes, impetus and policies, the study advanced a series of reasonable suggestions and a notion of promoting the urbanization in West China according to the relatively low speed of urbanization in that areas. The urbanization in developed countries started with the beginning of the industrial revolution. Under the system of market economy, industrialization and economic development were impetus of promoting the urbanization. Now urbanization in developed countries has already come into the stage of self-perfecting and the speed tends to be slow. Urbanization began with the centralized development of several big cities and central cities, but then tended to decentralize with the changes of industrial layouts and the improvement of economy. The urbanization level always had a high relativity with the level of industrialization and economic development. The upgrading of the industrial structures accelerated the industrialization and accordingly a dimensional layout of cities came out, then a perfect system of cities described as a net came into true at the information times. In developing countries, the urbanization was started by the newly independent governments and adopted an approach of supporting the industrialization by plundering the agriculture. The urbanization developed quickly but gradually lost connections with industrialization and economic development, which resulted in an excessively high status of cities and an incredible population in big cities. The industrial structure of cities upgraded slowly, traditional industry had a dominant status and the third industry developed far slowly, also there were significant gap between the rich and the poor, regional development was seriously lopsided, a radically inherent impetus was needed for the development of urbanization. Urbanization is the tendency and results of development of cities, the objective rules must be complied with and a reasonable choice should be made according to the fact in order to carry out Chinese urbanization successfully, which have to take the industrialization as motivity, comply with the economic development, take the agriculture as basis, combine the agricultural modernization and urbanization, establish a regional industry structure based on the macro-economy and a reasonable urbanization layout with harmonious structure, harmonize the relations between government and market during the urbanization.更多还原