【作者】 何艳清；

【导师】 杨改河； 李全武；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 生态学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 西部地区地域广阔,土地资源、草地资源最为丰富,同时也是长江、黄河等重要的发源地,是全国重要的生态屏障。由于人口持续增长和贫困,对资源开发力度加大,致使水土流失严重,草地退化现象加剧,森林覆盖率降低。为了提高资源利用效率,摆脱西部生态脆弱的困境,实现可持续发展,就必须设法增加农民收入,为缓解人地矛盾和保护生态环境作贡献。研究小城镇建设和农村产业结构调整关系,对提高劳动生产率,实现农村剩余劳动力空间和产业转移,促进西部经济发展、生态保护和社会全面进步具有重要借鉴意义。本研究运用分析法、归纳法、纵横对比法、因果分析法对西部小城镇和农村产业结构现状进行描述,又对小城镇与农村第一产业结构、农村第二产业结构、第三产业结构的互动关系、相关性以及原因进行分析,提出了小城镇建设与农村产业结构调整协调发展的目标、指标体系、遵循的原则和优势条件和具体对策。西部地区小城镇的现状是城市化水平与国内城市化水平差距显著,城镇密度小、分布不均匀,基础设施薄弱,城市工业结构与就业结构偏差大。农村产业结构面临的问题是各产业演进乏力,农村工业与农业关联度低,乡镇企业规模小,经济结构雷同、在竞争中处于劣势地位,劳动力就业结构比重不合理。小城镇建设有利于农业向规模化和产业化方向发展,农业产业结构调整为小城镇建设提供剩余。小城镇与农村第一产业相关分析得出,城市化带动农业劳动力转移不强。主要原因是农业分散经营,生产能力差,产品质量不高,导致农产品相对过剩,农业对城镇建设的贡献小;城市滞后,无力吸纳大量的农业剩余劳动力。小城镇对乡镇企业具有聚集效益和规模效益,农村第二产业结构调整推进小城镇建设进程和提高城市质量。城市化过程与农村第二产业就业结构相关性不显著。这主要是因乡镇企业布局分散而产生与城市发展联系不紧密;小城镇发展滞后无法为农村工业提供技术改造的条件和基础设施支撑;人口素质偏低,制约产业结构调整和城市质量提高。小城镇的人口集中为第三产业发展创造了条件,农村第三产业的发展丰富城市的内容,使小城镇的基础设施更加完善,有利于城乡融合。城市发展不足,市场发育缓慢,更多还原

【Abstract】 The western part of China is so vast that its land resource and meadow resource are all abundant, and it is the most important ecological barrier for the country due to that several biggest rivers, such as the Yangtse River and the Yellow River, have originated there. The exploitation of natural resources, which was annually intensified by the increasing population and poverty, has caused serious soil erosion, a degeneration of the meadow and decreasing forest coverage. In order to enhance the efficiency of resource using, get rid of the rattrap that there is a feeble environment and realize the sustainable development, we must take pains to increase the income of peasantry, alleviate the conflict between populations and lands and protect the environment. Study on the rural industry structure’s adjustment has great importance in enhancing the labor efficiency, realizing the transfer of the surplus labors, improving the economic development, environment protecting and the society’s general advance. The analytical method, induction, antithesis and law of causation were used in this study to describe the actuality of the town construction and the rural industry structure’s adjustment in West China, also the correlation, pertinence and reasons of the first, second and third industry in rural areas were analyzed, through the developing target, the guideline system, the principles, the advantages and the detailed countermeasures of the harmonious development between town construction and the rural industry structure’s adjustment were advanced. The actualities of towns in West China were that the town density was small and the distribution was not symmetrical, the basal establishment was not abundant, the industry structure was not reasonable, so there still were distances compared to other areas of the country. The problems of the rural industry structure were that there were not any impetus, the rural industry and the agriculture connected not so close, the rural enterprises’scale were small in general, the economic structure’s singularity had no competitive ability, also there was a unreasonable labor structure. The town construction was propitious to agriculture’s improvement and industrialization, while the rural industry structure’s adjustment provided surplus to the town construction. Through the related analysis of town construction and the agriculture the conclusion was drawn that the town construction in West China has little impetus on the rural labors’diversion, the main reasons were agriculture’s decentralization, poor productivity and low quality, which resulted in a relatively surplus of the production and little distribution to the towns and cities, so the latter was not capable of absorbing so much surplus labors because of undeveloped. Small cities and town has a collective effect and a scale effect to the rural industry, and the adjustment of second rural industry’s structure could improve the process of town construction and the quality of cities. There was no significant pertinence between the second rural industry’s structure and the town construction, which was mainly because of the loose connection between cities and the disperse rural industry and the low labor diathesis, also the undeveloped town system could not provide enough qualification and facility to the rural industry’s technological rebuilding, so the adjustment of rural industry’s structure and the improvement of city quality were constrained. The assembled population created advantages to the third industry’s development, meanwhile this development could enrich cities and towns by perfecting their basal facilities. But in West China, the effective need was inadequate due to the slowly developed cities and markets, the low labor proportion in the third industry and the low income of the peasants. Many problems appeared because of the disharmony between town construction and adjustment of rural industry’s structure. Based on the facts in West China, the study advanced the targets, principles and advantages for harmonious development. The target system included economic target, social target and environmental targets for living and the ecology. Principle of regional advantages, principle of gradual development, principle of sustainable development should be abided. The advantages included policies, environments and the abundant tour resources. The detailed methods for the harmonious development were that improve the city quality, transfer the rural industries into towns, adjust production structure and improve the labor diathesis, exploit green food and develop the tour industry, also the government’s ability of regulation must be fully exerted in developing the border commerce, which could accelerate the development of border cities.更多还原