【作者】 张笑培；

【导师】 杨改河；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 生态学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 城市化是世界经济向前发展的重要标志,城市化可以促进农村人口向城镇的非农化转移,缓解农村人口的就业压力,带动农村经济的发展,减少农业土地的人口承载量,避免人为因素对生态环境的破坏,改变城乡二元社会经济结构,促进区域的可持续发展。西部地区进行小城镇建设符合西部地区特殊的区情,是西部地区城市化建设的重要途径,小城镇建设费用要求要低于建设大、中城市,对于农村剩余劳动力转移的门槛也要低一些,在西部地区经济水平尚不发达的状况下,进行小城镇建设可以有效地促进西部地区社会经济的全面发展、解决“三农问题”、缓解西部生态环境压力、促进民族团结和边疆稳定。国内外对于小城镇的研究涉及到不同的领域,包括城镇规划、发展模式、生态环境、相应的政策体制等不同方面。前人对小城镇研究为西部地区小城镇道路构建提供了很好的参考和经验借鉴。西部地区小城镇经过建国后50 年的发展,已初具规模,但目前建设现状还不能满足西部地区城市化进程的需要:数量少、规模小、规划布局不合理,经济带动能力弱、生态环境问题突出,基础设施和公共设施不能满足实际需求,致使大量劳动力滞留在农村。通过以上分析,可以看出构建一条适合于西部区情的小城镇发展道路,以此带动西部地区经济的发展,缓解西部地区生态环境压力已是当务之急。基于以上分析,本研究运用生态学、经济学等相关理论,从西部地区区情出发,利用西部地区资源优势、区位优势以及所处的社会背景,以生态效益、经济效益、社会效益为发展的根本目标,构建出在科学规划、合理布局的指引下进行生态移民和生态产业建设的小城镇发展道路。移民战略能为西部小城镇建设提供一定的人力资源,缓解生态环境脆弱区的生态环境压力,使农村居民由分散走向集中,改变传统的生产生活方式,提高基础设施和公共设施的投资利用率;以循环经济理论为指导,利用西部地区资源、区位优势,进行产业组建,包括农产品加工、能源矿产资源深加工、人文背景的旅游业发展,促进小城镇经济的发展,提高小城镇的聚集力,减少和避免在发展经济的同时所产生的生态环境问题。西部地区经济发展状况和生态环境是西部小城镇发展的约束条件,在一定程度上阻碍了小城镇的发展;小城镇发展的支撑条件可以促进小城镇的顺利进行,包括进行制度体制改革创新、加大投资力度、基础设施和公共设施建设、发展教育事业、发挥西部地区资源优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important symbol of the world economy’s development, the urbanization can promote the transfer of rural population into cities and towns, alleviate the pressure of employment, accelerate the economic development in rural areas, reduce the burden of the farmland, protect the environment from artificial destroy, change the economic structure and improve the sustainable development. Complying with the special situations in the western part of China, constructing small cities and towns is the main approach to the urbanization. The constructing of small cities and towns costs less than that of big cities, also demands less for the transfer of the rural population. Under the situation of an undeveloped economy, constructing small cities and towns can effectively promote the development of society and economy, resolve the problem of “peasant, agriculture, rural areas”, alleviate the environmental pressure and promote the national solidarity and stability in border areas. The domestic and external studies on small towns involve many fields, including the town programming, the developing mode, ecological environment and the interrelated policies as well, and provide plenty of experiences for the town constructing in West China. After a fifty years development, the small towns in West China already has a scale, but the present conditions can not satisfy the need of the urbanization, represents as the few quantity, the little scale, the unreasonable programming, the weak economic impetus, the environmental problems, the deficient basal and public facilities and large numbers of surplus labors in rural areas. Establishing a suitable approach for town constructing is an emergency in order to promote the economy and protect the environment. Based on the theories of economics and ecology, started with the local situations and took ecological effect, economic effect and social effect as the targets, the study advanced an approach with a scientific programming and a reasonable distribution for the town constructing in West China in order to direct the ecological migration and the establishing of ecological industry. The migration could provide labor resource to the town constructing and alleviate the environmental pressure, it also could assemble the rural population so that the traditional life style would be changed and the utilization efficiency of the basal and public facilities would be enhanced. Directed by the theory of circular economics, utilizing the resources and regional advantages, the industries could be rebuilt, including processing of agricultural products, utilization of the mineral resources and developing the tour industry, thus the economy would be promoted, the assembling ability would be enhanced and meanwhile, environmental problems would be reduced or avoided. In the western part of China, the economic level and environmental problems hindered the development of small towns, but on the other hand, the supportive factors could promote the development of small towns successfully, including the renovation of systems, the increase of investment, the establishment of basal and public facilities, the development of education and the utilization of the predominance of natural resources.更多还原