【作者】 魏炳栋；

【导师】 张力； 郑中朝；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 通过测定不同季节相关指标,研究了季节对青海海南地区“土-草-畜”放牧生态系统氮、硫、钙、磷四种主要常量元素的影响,并对这些元素作了丰缺讨论,从而得出:(1)江西沟3季牧场土壤属微碱性石灰性土壤,有机质、全氮和碳酸钙含量丰富,质地肥沃;土壤全磷除夏季与全国平均水平接近外,其余两季均较低;土壤有效磷含量,冬春季草场土壤含量丰富,夏季土壤含量中等,秋季土壤有效磷缺乏;秋季土壤有效硫含量丰富,而其余两季土壤为潜在缺硫;(2)牧草营养成分随季节变化明显,钙和硫元素3季内均能满足放牧绵羊的需要,但是氮和磷元素,除夏季含量丰富外,其余两季含量极度匮乏,成为限制当地畜牧业生产力的主要因素;(3)放牧绵羊的采食量和氮、硫、钙、磷的采食量除夏季能够满足机体需要外,其余两季均较低,尤其是氮和磷的采食量在冬春季和秋季时极低,严重的制约了当地畜牧业生产;(4)放牧绵羊瘤胃液呈中性或微碱性,夏、秋两季总氮含量大于冬春季,但是尿素氮含量较低;(5)牧草氨基酸含量夏季时高于冬春季和秋季,与牧草氮的季节性动态变化相同,但是含量偏低,绵羊毛氮、硫、胱氨酸和蛋氨酸含量3季内均较低,山羊毛氮和胱氨酸含量较为丰富,但是硫和蛋氨酸含量低;(6)放牧家畜的血清白蛋白和总蛋白含量在夏、秋两季时处于正常,冬春季时较低,并且与牧草氮含量呈强直线相关(r=0.813,0.788,0.826,0.769,P<0.01);血清尿素氮含量秋季<夏季<冬春季,说明秋季放牧家畜体内蛋白质的沉积较夏季和冬春季时好;放牧绵羊血清硫含量3季内均较高,但是更多还原

【Abstract】 With corporation between Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry & Animal Medicine of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science and Jiangxigou Breeding Farm of Qinghai Province Gonghe County , this article determined soil nutrients indexes、pasture nutrients indexes、grazing sheep rumen indexes、pasture and wool amino acid indexes and grazing livestock serum biochemistry indexes with different seasons,study sufficiency and lack of N、S、Ca、P of “soil-grass-livestock”grazing ecological,and come to scientific and credible conclusions : (1) The soil of this area is the faint alkaline calcareous soil,the contents of soil organic matter、organic carbon、total nitrogen and available sulfur are in abundance;the contents of total phosphorus in summer meadow soil is approaching to average level of countrywide soil,but soil of others seasons meadow are less than it;the contents of available phosphorus in spring-winter meadow soil are sufficient,the contents of summer are middling, but the contents of fall are lack;(2)The contents of Ca and S of pasture can suffice for grazing sheep in three seasons,but the contents of N and P are very lack , can not suffice for grazing sheep in spring-winter and fall, so the contents of pasture N and P are the important reasons to restrict production of grazing husbandry in this area;(3)The intake of grazing sheep in spring-winter and fall less than in summer,can not suffice for grazing sheep,especially grazing sheep can not intake sufficient nitrogen (crude protein) and phosphorus in spring-winter and fall,but the intake of grazing sheep in summer is enough;(4)The pH of grazing sheep rumen fluid is more than 7.0,the total nitrogen of rumen fluid in summer and fall are more than in spring,but the urea-nitrogen is less than in spring;(5)The contents of pasture amino acid in summer are more than in others seasons,but the contents are very limited,the contents of N、S、Cys and Met of sheep wool in 3 seasons are very lack , but the contents of N and Cys of goat wool are sufficient , the contents of S and Met are lack too;(6)The serum album and total protein of grazing livestock in summer and fall are in range of nature , but these serum indexes in spring-winter are less than natural range, the correlation between pasture N and serum album and total protein is very strong (r=0.813,0.788,0.826,0.769,P<0.01); the serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus level in 3 seasons are in range of natural , but the contents of serum AKP, HOP, BGP and CT in summer less than in spring and fall , these provided the born of grazing animal mobilized Ca and P to blood, so can maintain natural serum Ca and P level, but these grazing animal can not put up obvious clinical symptom , and the lack degree of P is more serious than Ca; (7)The correlation between pasture Ca, P and serum Ca, inorganic P is not strong (except Yak), but the correlation between pasture Ca, P and serum AKP, HOP, BGP, CT is strong. So we can use these serum biochemistry indexes reflect the born nutrition condition and calcium & phosphorus nutrition condition, and avoid husbandry productivity decreasing. In the end, the article advise this area must supply supplemental feeds in spring-winter and fall, and strength grazing manage especially supplement of protein and phosphorus, increase husbandry productivity in Hainan area of Qinghai Province.更多还原