【作者】 慕军鹏；

【导师】 尚勋武；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 在分期播种条件下,对甘肃河西灌区主栽的10 个小麦品种(系)的品质性状及其贮藏蛋白合成和积累动态变化进行了研究,主要结果如下: 1. 播期对小麦生育期、籽粒发育天数和千粒重均有影响。从播期间平均数变化看,这三个指标均以4月8日播种的最低,3月23日播种的最高,两个播期间生育期平均相差15d, 籽粒发育天数平均相差12d , 千粒重平均相差3.29g。3 月23 日与3 月31 日播种相比,这三个指标相对来说差异不明显,说明晚播对小麦生育期、籽粒发育天数、千粒重影响程度较大。2.播期对小麦蛋白质含量影响很大。从播期间平均数变化看,籽粒蛋白质含量均以3 月23 日播种的最高,其中,与4 月8 日播种的相比,蛋白质含量增加了1.42 个百分点,但与3 月31 日播种的相比,差别不大,仅为0.45 百分点,说明晚播降低了籽粒蛋白质含量。进一步分析表明,播期间引起的籽粒蛋白质含量的差异是主要是由于灌浆期遭遇的温度条件不同造成的,籽粒在灌浆期间遇到适宜的高温,有利于小麦蛋白质含量的提高,但当日最高气温超过30℃时,不利于籽粒蛋白质的合成和积累,导致蛋白质含量下降。3. 晚播使籽粒容重有降低的趋势,从平均数看,3 月23 号播种的小麦容重最高,比晚播小麦(4 月8 号)平均高出16g/l,但与3 月31 号播种的小麦相比,相对来说差异不大,为5g/l。4. 不同播期条件下,干、湿面筋含量和面筋指数变化也很大,三个指标以3 月23日播种的最高, 比4 月8 日播种平均高3.43、10.42、7.8 个百分点;4 月8 日播种与3 月31 日相比, 干、湿面筋含量和面筋指数分别降低1.37、7.4、7.0 个百分点,说明随播期的延迟,干、湿面筋含量和面筋指数均降低。从平均数看面筋指数受播期影响的程度小于面筋含量,但品种之间的差异也很大,甘春20 号三个播期间面筋指数的变异小于永良4 号、张春17 号和张春11 号。反映出甘春20 号品质稳定性受环境影响较小,其他参试材料品质受环境影响较大。5. 播期对面团流变学特性也有显著影响,在不同播期条件下,L 值、W 值的变化很大,与3 月31 日、4 月8 日播种的相比,3 月23 日播种的小麦L 值平均高出15.7、52.6 个单位,W 值平均高出70.3、154 个单位,但对P 值来说变幅不是很明显。6. 不同播期条件下种植的小麦,籽粒蛋白质积累动态与正常栽培相似,也呈高-低-高的变化趋势,所不同的是经历的灌浆天数和籽粒蛋白质含量出现最小值的时间存在更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat is one of the primary grains consumed by humans and is grown around the world in diverse environments, from cool rain-fed to hot dry-land areas. It has long been recognized that productivity and quality vary considerably as a result of environmental conditions during grain filling. Prior to anthesis, environment affects germination, photosynthesis, tiller formation, and inflorescence development, thereby impacting grain number. After anthesis, environmental conditions primarily affect kernel size and composition. The experiment investigated the effect of sowing dates on quality characters, synthesis and accumulation of storage protein of spring wheat at Gansu Hexi Corridor. Major results are described as the following: 1. Sowing dates had impact on growing period, grain filling days and kernel weight of spring wheat. When the wheat planted on April the 8th , these three aspects were lower than on March the 23rd, the average margin were 15d, 12d and 3.29g, respectively.But growing period, grain fill days and kernel weight of spring wheat had no great difference between sowing on March the 23rd and March the 31st . 2. The sowing dates had great influence on protein content. According to our research, we found that the protein content increased by 1.42 between sowing on March the 23rd and April the 8th .While comparing with the spring wheat planted on March the 23rd, the protein content of spring wheat planted on March the 31st had no great change. During the grain filling and developing period, the synthesis and accumulation of protein were impacted greatly by temperature. Suitable high daytime temperature which was below 30℃was good for increasing the protein content. We also found the average high daytime temperature was 28.28 ℃from July the 5th to 9th, which was benefit for the synthesis and accumulation of grain protein when the wheat planted on March the 23rd, and protein content was higher. However, during July the 11thand 15th, the average high daytime temperature decreased, and protein content was lower. During the period of July the 14th and 18th ,the average high daytime temperature reached to 33.91 ℃which was not benefit for the synthesis and accumulation of protein, and the protein content decreased greatly. 3. The sowing dates also had influence on test weight. With the delaying sowing dates of spring wheat, the test weight decreased with the lower degree. 4. Under different sowing dates, dry gluten content, wet gluten content and gluten index changed greatly. Our research showed that the above three aspects changed under different sowing dates. When wheat was planted on April the 8th , dry gluten content, wet gluten content and gluten index was lower than on March the 23rd, the average margins were 3.43, 10.42, 7.8, respectively. And their also had difference between sowing on April the 8th and March the 31st ,the average margins were 1.37、7.4、7.0, respectively. We also concluded that the dry gluten content, wet gluten content and gluten index all decreased with the delaying of sowing dates. Moreover, according to our research, we found that the dry gluten content, wet gluten content and gluten index of Ganchun 20 were influenced by sowing dates less than other cultivars. 5. Sowing dates impacted greatly on the physiochemical properties and dough characters. Under different sowing dates, L value and W value changed obviously, but P value changed unclearly. To compare the spring wheat planted on March the 23rd with on March the 31st and April the 8th , the average margins of L value were 15.7,52.6 and W value were 70.3,154. 6. The sowing dates had effect on the synthesis and accumulation of protein. Comparing with the suitable sowing dates, the protein content of wheat which planted on April the 8th decreased, the accumulation duration of protein shortened. 7. Composition tand content of storage protein connected with flour quality of spring wheat. We found the sowing dates had great impact on composition and content of storage protein, especially on gliadin content. With the delaying of sowing dates, the gliadin content increased. That was because the wheat planted in delaying sowing dates experienced high temperature during the filling period, which induced gene expression of the heat shock protein and led to increase of gliadin content. Our research indicated that high temperature resulted in the increase of the proportion of gliadins to glutenins. Moreover, the sowing dates also have impact on albumin content and globulin content, especially on albumin, but the proportion of albumin plus globulin to total protein was less impacted by sowing dates. 8. The sowing dates have influence on the synthesis and accumulation of storage protein, especially on their composition and content. We found the later sowing dates caused the increase of the accumulation rate and synthesis level of gliadin. But for the glutenin, accumulation rate and synthesis level were not affected greatly by the different sowing dates. And the sowing dates also had less influence on accumulation and synthesis of globulin than those of albumin. 9. The quality of Ganchun 20 was less influenced than other cultivars by different sowing dates, and it was also adaptable for planting in Gansu Hexi Corridor extensively and broadly. Moreover, suitable sowing dates improved wheat quality. We found the last ten-day of March was the suitable sowing dates for spring wheat at Gansu Hexi wheat areas.更多还原