【作者】 刘冰；

【导师】 王有科；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 森林经理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 花椒是我国经济价值较高的树种之一,具有丰富的营养价值和医疗保健价值。但是由于气候等多方面的原因,花椒在我国的分布还十分有限。低温是限制花椒分布与生长的重要因素。抗寒性是果树的一个重要性状,直接影响到果树发展。花椒作为甘肃省主要栽培果树之一,栽培范围较大,但生产上冻害发生频繁,在一定程度上影响和制约了花椒的发展。抗寒性是花椒最重要的抗逆性指标之一,花椒不同品种的抗寒性有不同的抗寒基因存在,并能诱发表达出形态结构和生理上的抗寒性。鉴定花椒品种的抗寒力,对于品种资源利用、品种合理规划布局和抗寒育种、评价、推广抗寒性品种都具有重要的意义。本研究以甘肃省秦安县3 个抗寒力不同花椒的主栽品种为试验材料,综合运用主成分分析、回归分析、通径分析、灰色关联分析等方法。首次从细胞、生理生化及分子生物学等不同角度对其抗寒性进行了系统的研究,建立抗寒体系,探讨花椒的抗寒特性及其抗寒机理。　花椒的抗寒能力在一年生枝条上存在较大的遗传变异,参试的3 个品种中油椒抗寒性最强。分别依次为:秦安一号﹥油椒﹥大红袍。　花椒电解质外渗率随处理温度的降低呈现“慢-快-慢”的增加趋势,并且为S 型曲线,表明温度对电解质外渗率的效应是负递增的。LT50随低温时间的不同而不同(在-16.48～-20.20℃之间),与实际相吻合。　　低温处理后SOD 酶活性表现出不同程度的降低,并且随处理时间地增加降低程度也逐渐增大;抗寒性与-15、-20℃的SOD 酶活性呈正相关,与-5℃SOD酶活性呈弱负相关;并且致死温度在-20～-25℃范围内。低温处理后可溶性糖含量随温度的变化趋势是“S”型曲线,与抗寒性相关较强(R2=0.9994);灰色关联分析显示与抗寒性关联最大的温度-25℃(关联度=0.77),-20℃(0.74)和-15℃(0.74);关联最大的低温处理时间为72 小时,关联度在0.75～0.76 之间。低温处理后MDA 含量随着处理温度的下降,MDA 含量增大,而后逐渐减少。关联度分析和排序MDA 含量与抗寒性关联最大的温度是-25℃(关联度=0.85)和-20℃(0.81);并且对各品种的关联度秦安一号最大(0.86),其次为油椒(0.83)和大红袍(0.81)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zanthoxylum bungeanum is one of tree species with superior economic worth in China, and possess abundant nutritive value、medical and health care value. But its distributing is yet limited because of many causes such as climate. Low temperature is an important factor that restrain the plant distributing and growing on the earth. Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a main fruit tree in gansu. Developing the delicious production has becoming a kind of new Agriculture industry, and the areas of cultivating have increased year by year. But because of the worse cold resistance and weaker disease resistance, the development is limited to some extent. There are so many freezing injuries in the production and lots of new Zanthoxylum bungeanum being introduced that it is necessary to study the cold sistance and the ability of three Zanthoxylum cultivars over winter.Cold resistance is the hereditary characteristic of the fruit tree. It is significant to determine the hardiness of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, witch is useful for rational planting, cold resistance breeding, appraising and popularizing the cold resistance Zanthoxylum bungeanum. In this paper, were used to determine three main Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting in QianAn county of GanSu province, having different hardiness in their branches after treated with different low temperatures, by main Component analysis, regression analysis,path analysis and grey connection analysis.The cold resistance characteristics of Zanthoxylum bungeanum was first systematically investigated from the levels of morphology,physiology,biochemistry and molecular biology, based on cold resistance system, aims to study the cold resistance characteristics and mechanism. The cold resistance characteristics of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has genetic variation of a larger company at one-year-old branches,the cold resistance characteristics is best in three cultivars of tests,in turn: QianAnYiHao﹥YouJiao﹥DaHongPao. Analysis of electrolytic leakage of Zanthoxylum bungeanum possesses a “low –fast-low”change in response to stable decrease of low temperature. This process issimulated by Logistic equation and "　S　"　type　curve,It indicates that effect between temperature and electrolytic leakage is increase negatively.LT50 is diffent with low temperature (-16.48～-20.20 ℃) ,and actual harmoniously. Analysis of protective enzyme indicates SOD activity under low temperature treatment demonstrate in various degree reducing , afford to deal with time at the same time. SOD activity of -15、-20 ℃and cold resistance is positive correlation ,and SOD activity of -5℃is negative correlation; It turned out in path analysis that its lethal temperature between different cultivars is range from-20 to -25℃. The change of soluble sugar contents under low temperature treatment is 　"　S　"　type　curve,and the cold resistance closely related(R2=0.9994); Grey connection analysis indicates the best associated temperature of cold resistance are -25℃(degree of association =0.77), -20℃(0.74)and -15℃(0.74);The best associated hour is 72 hours , the degree of association is between 0.75 and 0.76. MDA content under low temperature treatment increases with dealing with the decline of temperature, and then reduce gradually.Association analysis and collate indicates that the best associated temperature of MDA content and the cold resistance are -25℃(degree of association=0.85) and -20 ℃(0.83);and most heavy degree of association is QinanYiHao (0.86), Secondly it is YouJiao (0.83) and DaHongPao(0.81). The contents of Chla under low temperature treatment is decline with temperature descend, and positive correlation; The contents of Chlb is ascend with temperature descend and changed little;The ratio of Chla/b had positive linear. Longitudinal and transverse section was observed and measured in electron microscope, It proves relationship between cold resistance and branches anatomical structure of different cultivars: The relationship bewteen xylem、diameter of the trunk、diameter of the xylem、epidermis/peridermof the trunk and relative REL chang is positive correlation, phloem、Peridem/diameterof the trunk and relative REL chang is negative correlation; Relationship between cold resistance and branches anatomical structure of the secondary xylem, the developed degree whose microscopic structure of anatomical structure of the secondary xylem and cold resistance is negative correlation.Integrated analysis of cold resistance indexes,which are proved effective by primary analysis, indicates that through main component analysis and regression analysis, data can be greatly simplified without significant effect on information content. Evaluation medal based on these data proved to have high evaluation accuracy(98.23%).更多还原