【作者】 李广松；

【导师】 王金信；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在室内外对夏玉米田杂草发生种类、群落构成、除草剂筛选以及以特丁津为主体的配伍组合进行了研究,结果如下: 1、夏玉米田杂草发生种类、危害特点及群落构成 采用目测五级分级法,对山东省夏玉米田进行了杂草种类及群落构成调查。结果表明:夏玉米田杂草隶属25科87种,以禾本科和阔叶杂草混生为主。禾本科杂草以马唐、牛筋草、稗草、狗尾草为主,阔叶杂草以反枝苋、皱果苋、藜、小藜、马齿苋、铁苋菜、鳢肠、苘麻为主,莎草科杂草以香附子为主。 杂草种类与种植方式、上茬作物有关,以禾本科杂草为主,禾本科杂草与阔叶杂草混生。 夏玉米田杂草发生量大、出现频率高、危害重。马唐出现频率为100%,牛筋草、反枝苋、马齿苋、皱果苋、狗尾草、稗草、铁苋菜分别为100%、97.3%、83.4%、78.3%、43.1%、67.4%、53.2%和51.2%。马唐、牛筋草、反枝苋、马齿苋、皱果苋2级危害以上分别占61.8%、42.5%、37.0%、32.8%和12.9%;3级危害以上分别占23.4%、15.0%、18.6%、5.5%和4.5%。 夏玉米田杂草群落主要以马唐、牛筋草为优势种构成各种群落。主要群落有:马唐—反枝苋—牛筋草—马齿苋、马唐—反枝苋—鳢肠、牛筋草—反枝苋—香附子、牛筋草—鳢肠—反枝苋—马唐等。 2、特丁津应用技术研究 2.1特丁津不同施用时期防效比较,研究表明,特丁津在播后苗前土壤处理防除禾本科杂草效果明显优于苗后的防效。而防除阔叶杂草的效果芽前芽后均较高。 2.2特丁津田间施用量确定。80%特丁津WP在夏玉米田应用防除杂草的最适用量范围为100～150g/亩,对阔叶杂草防效明显高于对禾本科杂草防效,对阔叶杂草用量范围75～100g/亩即可。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper researches the weed species in summer-maize field, community structure, weedkiller’s election and the combination of terbuthylazine under the indoor and outdoor situations. 1.The weed species, harmfulness and community structure in summer-maize field.With the way of the rang estimation in five ranks, we investigate the weed species, community structure in summer-maize field in Shandong Province. The investigation shows the weed species have 25 families and 87species, they mainly belong to the grass family and the broad-leaf weeds. The grass family has the weeds mainly, such as Common crabgrass, Goosegrass, Barnyardgrass, Green bristlegrass, the broad-leaf weeds are Redroot amaranth, Wrinkledfruit amaranth, Lambsguaters, Belvedere, Purslane, Copperleaf, Yerbadetajo, Chingmaabutilon. The galingale family is Rice-galingale mainly.The weed species get the main influence with the planting methods and the former-stubble corps , belong to the grass family mainly, the mixed breeding of the grass family and the broad-leaf weeds.The weed of the summer maize has a enormous quantity , a high-frequency appearance, a serious harmfulness. Common crabgrass has its attendance probability 100%, Goosegrass, Redroot amaranth, Purslane, Wrinkledfruit amaranth, Green bristlegrass, Barnyardgrass, Copperleaf, are 100%, 97.3%, 83.4%, 78.3%, 43.1%, 67.4%, 53.2% and 51.2%. Common crabgrass, Goosegrass, Redroot amaranth, Purslane, Wrinkledfruit amaranth with their over-2-rank harmfulness are 61.8%, 42.5%, 37.0%, 32.8% and 12.9% , their over-3-rank harmfulness are 23.4%, 15.0%, 18.6%, 5.5% and 4.5%.The community structures of the summer maize are Goosegrass and Redroot amaranth who are the superior races that make up different communities. There are main communities : Common crabgrass- Redroot amaranth-Goosegrass- Purslane, Common crabgrass- Redroot amaranth-, Yerbadetajo, Goosegrass- Redroot amaranth- Rice-galingale, Goosegrass-Yerbadetajo- Redroot amaranth- Common crabgrass etc. 2.The study of Terbuthylazine’s practical technology.2.1 The comparison of the Terbuthylazine’s different used date, the study shows that compared with the effect of Terbuthylazine used after the crop breeding, Terbuthylazine has its superior effect when it is used to kill the grass family after the crop planting but before the crop breeding . Terbuthylazine is used to kill the broad-leaf weed before or after the crop breeding , it has its good effect.2.2 The quantity of Terbuthylazine’s use. The most perfect quantity of 80% Terbuthylazine WP is 100-150g per acre to kill the weeds. To kill the broad-leaf weeds has the better effect than to kill the grass family, The perfect quantity of 80% Terbuthylazine WP is 75-100g per acre to kill the broad-leaf weeds.2.3 The study of Terbuthylazine’s prevention and cure pedigree Terbuthylazine has its good effect to kill the broad-leaf weeds , theelementary effect to kill the grass family weeds.2.4 The safe determination of Terbuthylazine’s use to maize. Terbuthylazine’s used quantity 60 ^ 80 n lOOg per acre is safe to maize Nongda 108, Zhengdan 958 before the crop breeding. It is safe to maize 3 leaves and 1 heart or 5 leaves and 1 heart period.3.The evaluation of Terbuthylazine’s mixed use with other medicaments preparation and its efficacy in fieldBecause Terbuthylazine’s elementary effect to kill the grass family weed, for extending the arrangement to kill the weeds effectively and one time use tokill the weeds in summer-maize field completely, the research makes the medicaments preparation under the indoor and outdoor situations to the maize herbicide most in use for the purpose of choosing the perfect matching medicament with Terbuthylazine.3.1 The indoor preparation with Terbuthylazine effective, we examine 13 kinds of herbicides effects. The result shows that acetochlor <. propischlor-. atrazine<. Terbuthylazine and weed-cleaner all have good effect to kill the weeds, and acetochlorN propischlor% metolachlor with atrazu^ Terbuthylazine and weed-cleaner make their prevention and cure pedigree complement each other. We mix the two groups herbicide into 9 kinds associations , then we make the test of the medicament under indoor and outdoor situations, we find the association of acetochlor and Terbuthylazine has the best effect to kill the weeds, the association of acetochlorand weed-cleaner has the same effect with the association of acetochlor and Terbuthylazine, the second best effect is acetochlorand atrazine, then propischlor and Terbuthylazine, then metolachlor and Terbuthylazine. We also examine their medicaments to maize safety.Using the comprehensive evaluation in the fuzzy mathematics, we make the comprehensive evaluation of the five associations of herbicides from the following sides, the effect to kill the weeds, the effect’s lasting, the residues, the cost, we get the result that acetochlor and Terbuthylazine is the perfect association.3.2 The perfect combination and mutual toxicity examination of the association acetochlor and Terbuthylazine.After making sure that the mixture quantity is 50% in the total quantity, we prove that the acetochlor quantity is 30-35% and Terbuthylazine’s quantity is 15-20%, the rate is suitable. Using the equivalent line way to evaluate the mixture’s effect, we prove that the association acetochlor and Terbuthylazine has the good synergism to kill Barnyardgrass.3.3 The evaluation of the medicament of the association acetochlor andTerbuthylazine. We mix acetochlor and Terbuthylazine as the rate 30% add20% in a small scale to get 50% SE and make a test in a maize field, it provesthat this kind of preparation has the very good killing effect to the commonweeds in maize field with 125-175g per acre, it’s the perfect herbicide tomaize.更多还原